Chapter 7

Question 1

How do ions form from neutral atoms?

Answer 1

The atoms either gain or lose electrons.

Question 2

What do valence electrons determine?

Answer 2

They determine the chemical properties of an element.

Question 3

Are valcence electrons the only ones used in chemical reactions?

Answer 3

Usually yes

Question 4

What is another name for electron dot diagrams?

Answer 4

Lewis dot structures

Question 5

For what elements are electron dot diagrams done?

Answer 5

Representative elements only

Question 6

For electron dot diagrams, what does the positioning of the dots around the symbol of the element correspond to?

Answer 6

The filling of the orbitals by the electrons in the valence shell

Question 7

What is the octet rule?

Answer 7

In forming compounds, atoms tend to try to complete their outermost shell

Question 8

What did Gilbert Lewis use the octet rule for?

Answer 8

Gilbert Lewis used this to explain why atoms form certain kinds of ions and molecules

Question 9

He how many electrons?

Answer 9

2

Question 10

What tends to happen to metal’s valence electrons?

Answer 10

They tend to lose all of them, leaving a complete octet in the next highest energy level.

Question 11

Will metals always loose all of their valence electrons?

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

What happens when an atom loses its valence electrons?

Answer 12

When an atom loses its valence electrons, it becomes a positively charged ion, or cation

Question 13

What do group 14 elements do instead of gaining or losing electrons?

Answer 13

these elements tend to share electrons to complete their outermost shells

Question 14

How do nonmetals complete the octet?

Answer 14

They tend to gain electrons, or share electrons with another nonmetal, to complete the octet.

Question 15

To what type of elements do traditional rules about completing octets not apply?

Answer 15

transition metals

Question 16

Monatomic ion

Answer 16

Single atom with positive or negative charge

Question 17

What results from the transfer of electrons from one set of atoms to another set of atoms?

Answer 17

Ionic compounds

Question 18

What is the relationship between the formation of positive and negative ions?

Answer 18

The formation of positive and negative ions are simultaneous and interdependent processes

Question 19

Why are the formation of positive and negative ions simultaneous and interdependent processes?

Answer 19

Because electrons can’t be lost by an atom if there is no atom to pick them up

Question 20

Why are ionic compounds electrically neutral?

Answer 20

The compound itself is electrically neutral because the number of positive charges equals the negative charges

Question 21

ionic bonds

Answer 21

Hold together ionic compounds and involve the transfer of electrons between atoms

Question 22

What are most ionic compounds at room temperature?

Answer 22

Most are crystalline solids at room temperature.

Question 23

What melting points do ionic compounds tend to have?

Answer 23

High ones

Question 24

When can ionic compounds conduct electric currents?

Answer 24

Can conduct an electric current if melted or dissolved in water

Question 25

Chemical formula

Answer 25

A shorthand way of showing the kinds and numbers of atoms in the smallest representative unit of a substance

Question 26

Formula unit

Answer 26

the smallest representative unit of an ionic compound

Question 27

What elements can you not use the group numbers to predict?

Answer 27

Transition metals

Question 28

What sort of ion do transition metals tend to form

Answer 28

more than one kind of ion

Question 29

How do you write ions in the stock system

Answer 29

Write the name of the metal, followed by a Roman numeral written in parentheses, then the word ion. The roman numeral corresponds to the charge of the ion.

Question 30

What is the classical system

Answer 30

Involves using a root word with different suffixes at the end of a word, followed by ion

Question 31

What are the drawbacks of the classical system

Answer 31

you only know whether the ion of a pair has the lower or higher charge, not the charge itself

Question 32

Alloy definition

Answer 32

Mixtures composed of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal

Question 33

Nonmetals when they become ions end in _____ and form _____ type of ion

Answer 33

Ide, anions

Question 34

How do anions and cations attract each other?

Answer 34

Anions and cations attract each other by means of electrostatic forces.

Question 35

What is the arrangement of ions and electrons in metals?

Answer 35

Metals consist of closely packed cations that are surrounded by a sea of electrons.

Question 36

Metallic bonds

Answer 36

the attraction of valence electrons for positive metal ions

Question 37

What causes excellent electrical conductivity in metals.

Answer 37

Their electron mobility

Question 38

Why are metals ductile and malleable?

Answer 38

Electron mobility

Question 39

What 3 types of cubics are metals usually packed in.

Answer 39

Primitive cubic, body centered cubic, face centered cubic.

Question 40

What are the physical properties of metals

Answer 40

ductile, malleable, conduct heat and electricity

Question 41

Halide ion

Answer 41

ions that are produced when halogens gain electrons

Question 42

What are ionic compounds at room temperature?

Answer 42

Crystaline solids

Question 43

What happens when ionic compounds are dissolved in water?

Answer 43

They sometimes can conduct electricity

Question 44

What makes an electric current free to flow?

Answer 44

When ionic compounds are melted.

Question 45

What contributes to the malleability of metals?

Answer 45

The way drifting valence electrons insulate cations from one another.

Question 46

Why are metals good conductors of electricity?

Answer 46

Electrons can flow freely in metals.

Question 47

Why are properties of alloys superior to their constituent components

Answer 47

Each component brings something to the whole, so the mixture leads to the alloys having better properties.

Question 48

In forming chemical bonds, what state or configuration do atoms tend to attain?

Answer 48

The electron configuration of noble gas atoms.

Question 49

How many valence electrons does an atom of any halogen have?

Answer 49

4

Question 50

How do you know if a compound is ionic?

Answer 50

It is formed from a metal and a non metal.