CHAPTER 2

Question 1

Consists of the brain and spinal cord.
• A system of nerves involved in thought
processes, heartbeat, visual– motor
coordination

Answer 1

NERVOUS SYSTEM

Question 2

A specialized cell of the nervous system
which receives and transmits messages

Answer 2

NEURON

Question 3

A type of neuron which provides
support to guide the growth of
developing neurons and support mature
neurons.

Answer 3

GLIAL CELL

Question 4

6 ANATOMY OF A NEURON

Answer 4

1. AXON
2. DENDRITES
3. MYELIN SHEATH
4. AXON TERMINALS OR TEMINAL BUTTONS
5. SYNAPSE
6. NEURONS

Question 5

a long, thin part of a neuron that
transmits impulses to other neurons from bulb-shaped structures called axon terminals or terminal buttons.

Answer 5

AXON

Question 6

root-like structures, attached to
the cell body of a neuron, that receive impulses, or incoming messages, from other neurons.

Answer 6

DENDRITES

Question 7

a fatty substance that
encases and insulates axons, facilitating transmission of neural impulses

Answer 7

MYELIN SHEATH

Question 8

located at the extreme ends of the
axon’s branches. **Stores chemicals called
neurotransmitters*#, which are used to
communicate with neighboring cells

Answer 8

AXON TERMINALS OR TERMINAL
BUTTONS

Question 9

the small gap between the terminal button and the cell body or dendrites of the receiving neuron.

Answer 9

SYNAPSE

Question 10

2 Types of Neurons

Answer 10

AFFERENT NEURONS
EFFERENT NEURONS

Question 11

transmit messages from sensory receptors to the spinal cord and brain; also called sensory neurons

Answer 11

AFFERENT NEURONS

Question 12

transmit messages from the brain or spinal cord to muscles and glands; also called motor neurons

Answer 12

EFFERENT NEURONS

Question 13

are your body’s chemical messengers.
• These are chemical substances involved
in the transmission of neural impulses
from one neuron to another

Answer 13

NEUROTRANSMITTERS

Question 14

10 NEUROTRANSMITTERS

Answer 14

1. RECEPTOR SITE
2. REUPTAKE
3. EXCITATORY NEURONS
4. INHIBITORY NEURONS
5. ACETYLCHOLINE (ACh)
6. DOPAMINE
7. SEROTONIN
8. NOREPINEPHRINE
9. GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID (GAMA)
10. ENDORPHINS

Question 15

location on a dendrite of a receiving
neuron tailored to receive a specific
neurotransmitter

Answer 15

RECEPTOR SITE

Question 16

Neurotransmitters reabsorbed

Answer 16

REUPTAKE

Question 17

Cause other neurons to fire

Answer 17

EXCITATORY NEURONS

Question 18

a neurotransmitter that controls muscle contractions

• prevalent in a part of the brain called the hippocampus structure of the brain
involved in memory

• diseases associated with dopamine:
alzheimer’s disease

Answer 18

ACETYLCHOLINE (ACh)

Question 19

a neurotransmitter that affects the ability
to perceive pleasure, voluntary
movement, and learning and memory;
it is involved in Parkinson’s disease
and appears to play a role in schizophrenia

Answer 19

DOPAMINE

Question 20

a neurotransmitter involved in
emotional arousal and sleep

Answer 20

SEROTONIN

Question 21

also called noradrenaline increases
blood pressure and heart rate. It’s most
widely known for its effects on
alertness, arousal, decision-making,
attention and focus

Answer 21

NOREPINEPHRINE

Question 22

an inhibitory neurotransmitter that
apparently helps calm anxiety

Answer 22

GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID (GABA)

Question 23

inhibitory neurotransmitters that occur
naturally in the brain and in the
bloodstream and are similar to the
narcotic morphine in their functions and
effects
• Endorphins are your body’s natural
pain reliever. They play a role in our
perception of pain.

Answer 23

ENDORPHINS

Question 24

2 DIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

Answer 24

1. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
2. PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Question 25

The brain and spinal cord

Answer 25

**CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM**

Question 26

Consists of **sensory and motor neurons** that transmit messages to and from the central nervous system, *has two main divisions*

Answer 26

**PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM**

Question 27

2 Main divisions of PNS

Answer 27

**SOMATIC** **AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (ANS)**

Question 28

**Connects the central nervous system** with sensory receptors, skeletal muscles, and the surface of the body** Transmits messages about sights, sounds, smells, temperature, body positions*, and so on, to the central nervous system

Answer 28

**SOMATIC**

Question 29

**Regulates glands and activities such as heartbeat, respiration, digestion, and dilation of the pupils** • Controls activities such as heartbeat, respiration, digestion, and dilation of the pupils.

Answer 29

**AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (ANS)**

Question 30

2 Divisions of the ANS

Answer 30

**SYMPATHETIC** **PARASYMPATHETIC**

Question 31

**Most active during emotional responses**, such as fear and anxiety, that spend the body’s reserves of energy • **Fight-or-flight response** • **triggered by threatening or challenging physical or psychological stimuli**, increases physiological arousal and prepares the body for action.

Answer 31

**SYMPATHETIC DIVISION**

Question 32

other part of the autonomic nervous system, **decreases physiological arousal and helps return the body to a calmer, more relaxed state**. It also stimulates digestion during eating. • **most active during processes (such as digestion)** that restore the body’s reserves of energy

Answer 32

**PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION**

Question 33

3 Major parts of The Brains

Answer 33

**HINDBRAIN MIDBRAIN FOREBRAIN**

Question 34

found in very primitive brains

Answer 34

**HINDBRAIN**

Question 35

HINDBRAIN 3 distinct structures::

Answer 35

**PONS MEDULLA CEREBELLUM**

Question 36

an oblong area of the hindbrain involved in **regulation of heart rate, blood pressure, circulation, movement, and respiration**

Answer 36

**MEDULLA**

Question 37

structure of the hindbrain involved in **regulation of movement, sleep, arousal, respiration** • bulge in the hindbrain that lies forward of the medulla

Answer 37

**PONS**