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Nutrition And Diet Therapy > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Laboratory Findings and Assessment Tools

A

Anthropometric measurements
Biochemical Markers
Functional Tests
Nutritional Screening Tools

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2
Q

Neurological and Cognitive Changes

A

Cognitive Impairment
Peripheral Neuropathy
Mood Changes

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3
Q

Gastrointestinal Manifestations

A

Abdominal Distension
Malabsorption
Hepatomegaly
Pancreatic Insufficiency

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4
Q

Muscuskeletal Changes

A

Muscle Wasting
Bone Deformities
Joint Issues
Postural Changes

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5
Q

Cardio and Respi Signs

A

Tachycardia
Hypotension
Edema
Dyspnea
Decreased chest expansion
Increased susceptibility to infection

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6
Q

Tachycardia

A

Anemia
Electrolyte imbalance

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7
Q

Hypotension

A

Dehydration
Reduced cardiac mass

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8
Q

Edema

A

Protein Deficiency
Heart Failure

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9
Q

Dyspnea

A

Anemia
Muscle weakness

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10
Q

Decreased chest expansion

A

Muscle Wasting
Ribcage deformities

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11
Q

Increased susceptibility to infections

A

Weakened immune system

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12
Q

Ocular manifestations

Early signs

A

Night blindness

Conjunctival xerosis (dry conjunctiva)

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13
Q

Ocular manifestations

Progressive changes

A

Bitot spots
Corneal xerosis

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14
Q

Ocular manifestations

Advanced manifestations

A

Keratomalacia (softening and ulceration of the cornea)

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15
Q

Oral and Dental Signs

A

Lip and Tongue Changes
Gum Health
Dental Enamel
Salivary Gland Changes

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16
Q

Skin and Hair Changes

A

Skin Texture and Color
Hair Abnormalities
Nail Changes

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17
Q

ridges or spoon-shaped deformities in nails

A

Koilonychia

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18
Q

General Appearance and Body Composition

A

Healthy Appearance
Malnourished Appearance
Body Composition Changes

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19
Q

Overview of Diateray Assessment Methods

A
  1. 24 hour dietary recall
  2. Food Frequency Questionnaire
  3. Food Records
  4. Diet History
20
Q

Technological Advancements in Dietary Assessment

A

Mobile Apps
Image-based Assessment
Wearable Devices
Big Data Analytics

21
Q

Challenges in Dietary Assessment

A
  1. Underreporting or Misreporting
  2. Recall Bias
  3. Variability in Dietary Intake
  4. Cultural and Linguistic Barriers
22
Q

Future Directions in Dietary Assessment

A

AI-Powered Analysis
Advanced Biosensors
Virtual Reality Integration

23
Q

Diet History: Comprehensive Dietary Profile

A
  1. Initial Interview
  2. 24-Hour Recall
  3. Food Frequency Assessment
  4. Dietary Habits Exploration
24
Q

Serum Proteins as Nutritional Indicators

A
  1. Albumin
  2. Transferrin
  3. Pre-Albumin
  4. Retinol-Binding Protein
25
Hematological Indicators
Hemoglobin and Hematocrit Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) White Blood Cell Count
26
Lipid Profile Assessment Total Cholesterol
<200 mg/dL Overall cardiovascular risk
27
LDL Cholesterol
<100 mg/dL Risk of Atherosclerosis
28
LDL Cholesterol
<100 mg/dL Risk of Atherosclerosis
29
HDL
>60 mg/dL Cardioprotective Effect
30
Triglycerides
<150 mg/dL Dietary fat metabolism
31
Vitamin Status Indicators Vitamin A
Serum Retinol Levels and Retinol Binding Protein are key indicators. Levels below 20 ug/dL suggests deficiency
32
Below 3 ng/dL indicates deficiency in
FOLATE
33
Serum ferritin is the most common indicator of __ stores.
Iron Levels below 15 ng/dL indicates deficiency
34
Indicators of Electrolyte Balance
Sodium 135 - 145 mEq/L Potassium 3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L Chloride 96 - 106 mEq/L Bicarbonate 22-28 mEq/L
35
Markers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation
1. C Reactive Protein 2. Interleukin 6 3. Malondialdehyde 4. Glutathione Peroxidase
36
Markers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation
1. C Reactive Protein 2. Interleukin 6 3. Malondialdehyde 4. Glutathione Peroxidase
37
Functional Tests and Metabolic Indicators
1. Glucose Tolerance Test 2. Nitrogen Balance Studies 3. Resting Metabolic Rate
38
Emerging Biomarkers in Nutritional Assessment
MicroRNA Profiles Gut Microbiome Analysis Metabolomics
39
Height Measurement
Position Alignment Reading
40
Weight Assessment
Calibrated Scale Clothing Time (measure at same time of the day) Record (note weight to nearest 0.1 kg)
41
Waist Circumference
1. Locate (top of hip bone) 2. Position (t.m. horizontally) 3. Measure (at the end of normal exhalation)
42
Skinfold Measurements
1. Sites -triceps -subscapular -suprailliac -thighs 2. Techniques Pinch skin, apply caliper, read after 2-3 secs 3. Interpretation
43
Mid-Upper AC
1. Locate (between shoulder and elbow) 2. Measure (relaxed arm) 3. Record (note circ to nearest 0.1 cm)
44
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA)
Electric Current Body Water Lean Mass Body Fat
45
Anthropometric Indices
Weight/Height - acute maln Height/Age - chronic maln Weight/Age - overall nutri status

Nutrition And Diet Therapy (8 decks)

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