Chapter 2

Question 1

corporate chater

Answer 1

operated by joint-stock companies, like Jamestown, Virginia

Question 2

royal charter

Answer 2

under the direct authority and rule of the king’s government, Virginia after 1624

Question 3

proprietary charter

Answer 3

under the authority of individuals granted charters of ownership by the king, like Maryland and Pennsylvania

Question 4

separatists

Answer 4

radical dissenters to the church of England who wanted to organize a completely separate church that was independent of royal control

Question 5

Pilgrims

Answer 5

separatists ho left England for Holland in search of religious freedom and later settled in america

Question 6

puritans

Answer 6

moderate dissenters who believed that the church of England could be reformed

Question 7

John Winthrop

Answer 7

led a group of puritans to establish the Massachusetts bay colony in 1630

Question 8

Massachusetts bay colony

Answer 8

developed a system of government, where all freeman had the right to participate in yearly elections of colony governor and other

Question 9

Representative assembly in Virginia

Answer 9

the Virginia company encouraged settlement in Jamestown by guaranteeing colonists the same rights as residents of England, including representation in the lawmaking process

Question 10

mayflower compact

Answer 10

a document signed by the pilgrims in 1620, pledging them to make decisions by the will of the majority

Question 11

maryland

Answer 11

established in 1632 as a proprietary colony, grants to George Calvert by king

Question 12

labor shortages

Answer 12

landowners in Maryland and Virginia struggled to find laborers, leading to the use of indentured servants and slaves

Question 13

indentured servants

Answer 13

young people from the British isles who agreed to work for a specified period in return for room and board

Question 14

headright system

Answer 14

Virginia offered 50 acres of land to immigrants who paid for their own passage and plantation owners who paid for an immigrant’s passage

Question 15

slavery

Answer 15

the first Africans were brought to Virginia in 1619 as indentured servants, but by the end of the 1660s, the Virginia house of burgesses had enacted laws that discriminated between black and white Africans

Question 16

bacon’s rebellion

Answer 16

a rebellion led by Nathaniel bacon against the government of sir William Berkeley, the royal governor of virginia, in 1676

Question 17

BR lasting problems

Answer 17

bacons rebellion highlighted two long-lasting disputes: the conflict between large planters and small farmers, and the issue of American Indian relations

Question 18

Rhode Island

Answer 18

• founded by Rodger Williams who believed that and individuals conscience was beyond the control of any civil or church authority
• Williams was banished from the Bay colony and fled to Narragansett Bay
• in 1644, Williams was granted charters from parliament that joined providence and Portsmouth into a single colony
• served as a refuge for many

Question 19

Connecticut

Answer 19

• founded by the reverend Thomas hooker, who led a large group of Boston puritans into the Connecticut river valley
• the Hartford settlers drew up the first written constitution in Americans history, the fundamental orders of Connecticut 1639
• constitution established representative government consisting of a legislature elected by popular vote and a governor chosen by that legislature

Question 20

New England Confederation

Answer 20

• formed in 1643 by four new England colonies, Plymouth, Massachusetts bay, Connecticut, and new haven
• directed by a board composed of two representatives from each colony and had limited powers to act on issues
• lasted until 1684

Question 21

King Philip’s war

Answer 21

• between new England colonies and united force of american Indians led by Metacom (king Philip)
• resulted in deaths on both sides and the burning of dozens of towns
• colonists won

Question 22

South Carolina

Answer 22

economy- initially based on trading furs and providing food for the west indies, later developed into large rice-growing plantations worked by enslaved Africans
culture- resembled the economy and culture of the west indies

Question 23

North Carolina

Answer 23

economy- developed differently, with small, self-sufficient tobacco farms established by farmers from Virginia and new England
politics- earned a reputation for democratic views and autonomy from British control

Question 24

New York

Answer 24

• Charles II granted his brother, the duke of York, the lands lying between Connecticut and Delaware bay
• dispatched a force that easily took control of the dutch colony of new Amsterdam

Question 25

New Jersey

Answer 25

formed in 1664 when James split the territory o new York, giving the section of the colony located between the Hudson river and Delaware bay to lord John Berkeley and sir George carteret.

Question 26

Pennsylvania and Delaware

Answer 26

- originally settled by a peace-loving Christian sect, the Quakers - Quakers believed in the equality of all men and women, nonviolence, and resistance to military service - they further believed that religious authority was found within each persons soul and not in the bible or any outside source

Question 27

William Penn

Answer 27

- a young convert to the Quaker faith who was granted a large tract of land by the royal family in 1681 - Penn founded the colony of Pennsylvania and established a government based on Quaker principles

Question 28

A Holy Experiment

Answer 28

Pennsylvania was governed by a frame of government which guaranteed a representative assembly elected by landowners, and a written constitution, the charter liberties, which guaranteed freedom of worship and unrestricted immigration

Question 29

Georgia: A philanthropic Colony

Answer 29

- James Oglethorpe, a philanthropist, founded the colony of Georgia in 1733 as a refuge for English debtors - the colony was governed by strict regulations, including bans on drinking rum and slavery - however, colony did not prosper due to the constant threat of Spanish attack and was eventually taken over by the British government in 1752

Question 30

Mercantilism

Answer 30

was an economic policy adopted by European kingdoms in the 17th century, which viewed trade, colonies, and the accumulation of weather as the basis for a country's military and political strength

Question 31

Navigation acts

Answer 31

British implemented: - trade to and from the colonies could be carried only by English or colonial-built ships, operated only by English or colonial crews - all goods imported into the colonies, except for some perishables, had to pass through ports in England - the colonies were restricted from manufacturing goods that competed with English industries

Question 32

institution of Slavery

Answer 32

factors contributing to the growth of slavery: - reduced migration from England due to increased wages - the need for a dependable workforce on large plantations - the desire for cheap labor to grow profitable crops such a as rice and indigo

Question 33

Slave laws

Answer 33

- Massachusetts (1641): recognized the enslavement of lawful captives - Virginia (1661): enacted legislation stating that children automatically inherited their mothers enslaved status for life - Maryland (1664): declared that baptism did not affect the enslaved persons status, and that white women could not marry African American men

Question 34

Triangular Trade Route

Answer 34

a system of trade that connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas Europe to Africa: guns and clothes in exchange for slaves Africa to the Americas: slaves through middle passage Americas to Europe: sugar and rum and other crops