chapter 2

Question 1

Kinetic energy

Answer 1

energy in action

Question 2

Potential energy

Answer 2

stored energy

Question 3

Chemical energy

Answer 3

Energy stored in the bonds of chemical substances.

Question 4

Electrical energy

Answer 4

movements of charged particles like ions

Question 5

Mechanical energy

Answer 5

energy directly involved in moving matter.

Question 6

Electromagnetic radiation

Answer 6

energy that travels in waves. Radio waves, infrared, visible light…

Question 7

Energy

Answer 7

normally energy types are easily converted. energy conversions are also inefficient, energy is lost in heat.

Question 8

Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen

Answer 8

make up about 96 percent of body weight.

Question 8

Mass number

Answer 8

sum of masses of protons and neutrons.

Question 8

Atoms

Answer 8

Protons and Neutrons are 1 amu each. Electrons are typically 0 amu. Number of protons always equal to number of electrons.

Question 9

Isotopes

Answer 9

same number of protons and electrons, but differing numbers of neutrons. This gives the variance.

Question 10

Atomic weight

Answer 10

average of the weights of all the isotopes of an element, taking in account of abundance in nature. Atomic weight is roughly equal to the mass number of the most abundant isotope.

Question 11

Radioisotopes

Answer 11

Radioactive isotopes. Half life is the time required for the radioiso to lose half its activity.

Question 12

Molecule

Answer 12

two or more chemically bonded atoms.

Question 13

Compound

Answer 13

Molecules of different types of atoms bonded. They are chemically pure, all molecules are identical.

Question 14

Mixture

Answer 14

substances composed of two or more components phsically intermixed.

Question 15

Solutions

Answer 15

homogenous mixtures of components that can be gases liquids of solids. Solutes of solutions are very small.

Question 16

Colloids

Answer 16

Heterogeneous mixture, larger sollutes than solutions. gelatins are example. sol gel transformations.

Question 17

Suspensions

Answer 17

Heterogeneous mixture with very large solutes. ex blood.

Question 18

Diff between compound and mixture

Answer 18

components in mixture only physicall mix, not chemically bonded.

Question 19

Ionic bond

Answer 19

Intermediate strength. attraction between two oppositely charged ions.

Question 20

Covalent bond

Answer 20

Very strong. Sharing electrons. slightly positive and negative ends, balanced charge overall.

Question 21

Electronegativity

Answer 21

Electron hungry, typically round 7 electron in valence

Question 22

Electropositive

Answer 22

round 2 electron in valence, usually ready to give up electrons

Question 23

Hydrogen bond

Answer 23

More like attraction. intramolecular bonds that hold different parts of molecules together.

Question 24

Synthesis

Answer 24

atoms or molecules combine to form larger complex molecules. Always bond formation. Anabolic

Question 25

Decomposition

Answer 25

breaking down of molecule. Catabolic.

Question 26

Exchange reaction

Answer 26

Both synthesis and decomposition. a changing of partners.

Question 27

Redox reaction

Answer 27

Reactant losing electron the electron donor is said to be oxidized. the reactant taking up the transferred elctrons is said to become reduced.

Question 28

Exergonic reaction

Answer 28

reactants yield products with less energy.

Question 29

Endergonic reaction

Question 30

Organic compounds

Answer 30

covalently bonded molecules. contain carbon and are made by living things.

Question 31

Inorganic compounds

Answer 31

water, salts, acids, bases, typically dont have carbon.

Question 32

Water

Answer 32

high heat capacity. biological molecules dont react unless in solution. water known as the universal solvent.

Question 33

Electrolyte

Answer 33

substance conducting electrical current in solution

Question 34

Salts

Answer 34

Ionic compounds. ex NaCl, CaCO3, KCl

Question 35

Acid

Answer 35

substance that releases hydrogen ions. proton donor. H is written first often in acids notations

Question 36

Bases

Answer 36

Proton acceptors or hydrogen ion acceptors. bases have higher hydroxyl concentration