chapter 2 Flashcards
ions
elements with a charge on them
types of chemical bonds
ionic, covalent, hydrogen
nonpolar covalent
equal sharing of electrons
polar covalent
unequal sharing of electrons
ionic bond
donors and acceptors, creates + and -
what does dissolve in water?
polar bonds, ionic compounds, carbohydrates
what does not dissolve in water?
nonpolar bonds
how does fat get around?
using lipoproteins to surround them and be able to move through the blood
what is pH?
concentration of H+ ions
carbonic acid
weak buffer that helps maintain body pH H2CO3 (donates H+)
equation carbonic acid to bicarbonate base
H2O+CO2–>H2CO3<–>H+ +CO3-
what increases acidity?
increase in H+ ions would decrease pH and therefore increase production of carbonic acid
what decreases acidity?
pH would increase by adding more bicarbonate ions, having less H ions, therefore making it more basic
inorganic molecules
not based in C-H bond
organic
based in C-H bonds. C, H, O, N
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, ATP
catabolism decomposition
breaks chemical bonds
hydrolysis
anabolism (synthesis)
forms chemical bonds
dehydration synthesis
types of carbohydrates
monosacch, disacch, polysacch
what are proteins made of and where do they come from?
20 AA. 9- essential from food, 11- non essential from body
protein structure
amino group, R group, carboxylic group, central C, hydrogen bond
what determines polarity of protein?
R group
what breaks a peptide bond
hydrolysis or pepsin
what are the protein shapes and describe
primary- linear chain structure, 20 AA by peptide bonds
secondary- linear chain forms shape held by H bonds into a-helix or B-plate
tertiary- only 3D structure, folds helix or plate into 3D structure
quaternary- uses 2 AA chains to form a larger protein structure
what does shape of protein determine?
structure and function
