Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

a&p lecture test 1 > the cell chapter 3 > Flashcards

the cell chapter 3 Flashcards

(69 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

cell theory

A

cells are building blocks of plants and animals; all cells come from division of pre-existing cells; smallest unit that perform all physiological functions; each cell maintains homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

extracellular fluid

A

a watery medium surrounding the cell (plasma membrane) separates cytoplasm from ECF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cytoplasm

A

2 parts: cytosol and organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

functions of plasma (cell) membrane

A

physical isolation; regulates change in environment; monitors environment; structural support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

double layer of phospholipids

A

hydrophilic and hydrophobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

cholesterol

A

helps maintain integrity of membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

cell membrane is permeable or semi?

A

is semi-permeable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

membrane proteins

A

anchoring, recognition, enzymes, carrier, and channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

recognition protein (identifiers)

A

labels surrounding cells as normal or abnormal (responds to ligands)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

anchoring proteins (stabilizers):

A

attaches to inside or outside structures and anchors proteins to membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

integral proteins

A

proteins that allow things to go IN the cell. transporters for polar substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

peripheral proteins

A

dont go all the way through, stays on outer or inner layer of bilayer. can be receptors and enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

carrier protein

A

transports specific solutes through membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

channels

A

regulate water flow and solute through membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the 3 membrane carbohydrates and what do they do?

A

glycoproteins- immunity
glycolipids- maintains stability and facilitate cell to cell interaction
glycocalyx- sugary sticky coat used for protection, lubrication, binding specificity and recognition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

tight junctions

A

prevents leakage between to adjacent cell membranes. common in stomach and intestines epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

desmosomes

A

increase surface area by tie two adjacent cells together, resists change=skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

gap junctions

A

channels where sugar, ions and AAs can pass between cells. in the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is cytosol?

A

high K, low Na+, high protein inside cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

non-membranous organelles (no membrane contact, contact with cytosol)

A

cytoskeleton, microvilli, centrioles, cilia, free ribosomes, proteasomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

membranous organelles (covered with cell membrane, isolated from cytosol)

A

rough ER, smooth ER, golgi, lysosomes, peroxisomes, mitochondria, nucleus, cisternae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

cytoskeleton

A

skeleton of the cell, structural proteins, microtubules, microfillament, and intermediate filament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

microtubules

A

large, tubulin protein, strength and anchor organelle, change cell shape. form mitotic spindles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

microfillaments

A

form microvilli, actin protein, pairs with myosin for muscle movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
intermediate filaments
durable and stabilize cell position
26
cilia
small hairs that help move fluid across cell surface
27
microvilli
increase surface area for absorption, attaches to cytoskeleton
28
ribosomes functions and type
make enzymes, builds polypeptides free rib- cytoplasm, manufacture proteins FOR CELL fixed rib- attached to rough ER, manufacture proteins FOR SECRETION
29
proteasomes
enzymes, proteolysis
30
cisternae
storage chambers within membranes important for protein and lipid processing, sorting and packaging, detoxification, transport vesicle formation, protein synthesis and folding
31
smooth ER
no ribs, syntehsizes lips and carbs, lots of calcium
32
rough ER
covered in ribs, protein and glycoprotein synthesis, protein structures, encloses products in transport vesicles
33
golgi aparatus
packaging center; vesicles form face and exit face, modifies and packages products for exocytosis, modifies membrane by adds or removes components
34
lysosomes
carry enzymes to cystosol, cleans up inside cells, breaks large molecules, attacks bacteria, maintains immunity, ejects waste through exocytosis
35
if something in the cell is too toxic or damaged beyond repair what happens?
lysosomes turn on apoptosis, or lysosomes will break itself down to release digestive enzymes and explode
36
primary lysosomes are made...
in golgi
37
secondary lysosomes are...
are fused with damaged particles and activate digestive enzymes
38
peroxisomes
contains vesicles produced by free ribs, breaks down fatty acids to use for ATP, breaks down hydrogen peroxide by Catalase (liver process)
39
"somes" and "ase" indicates...
an enzyme
40
mitochondria
double phospholipid membrane, has its own DNA (the same in everyone!); cristae, matrix and aeorobic metabolism (using O2 to break down food for ATP) C6H12O6 +O2=> CO2 +H2O +ATP
41
nucleus
largest organelle
42
nuclear envelope
double layer membrane around nucelus
43
perinuclear space
between nucleaur envelope
44
nucelar pores
tiny communication passages, too small for DNA so RNA uses it to seep out of
45
what is in the nucleus?
DNA, nuceloplasm, nuclear matrix, nuceloli, synthesizes rRNA and ribsomal subunits
46
chromatin vs chromostomes vs nucleosome
chromatin- loosely coined DNA, cells DONT divide chromosome- tightly coiled DNA, cells do divide nucleosome- DNA coiled around histones
47
what is genetic code?
chemical language of DNA. 3 DNA bases= 1 amino acid EVERY PROTEIN HAS GENETIC CODE
48
steps of protein synthesis from DNA
transcription- DNA to mRNA translation (tRNA)- ribosomes read mRNA to make AAs processing ( ribosomal RNA)- rough ER and golgi produce protein
49
transport types
active- needs energy/ATP passive- no energy
50
what can pass in simple diffusion?
lipid solubles, dissolved gases
51
what passes in faciliatated diffusion?
smaller particles, +charge polar
52
osmosis
water always follows sugar or salt, uses aquoporins from high conc. to low conc.
53
tonicity types and %NaCl
RBC has 0.9% NaCl isotonic hypotonic hypertonic
54
isotonic
same % inside and outside of cell
55
hypotonic
more solute inside cell, water comes in and cell fills with water til it explodes (hemolysis)
56
hypertonic
more solute outside of cell, water leaves, cell shrivles (crenation)
57
carrier mediated transport
sodium potassium pump 3Na+ out of cell, 2K+ into cell
58
What causes protein to change shape and be able to be used in facilitated transport?
phosphorylation
59
phagocytosis
phagosomes engulf large objects, cell ingestion of other materials, helps in cleaning
60
steps of mitosis
interphase (G1, synthesis, G2) prophase metaphase anaphase telophase
61
what is the longest stage of interphase?
G1
62
what cells do not experience mitosis?
neurons and muscle cells
63
Tumor (neoplasm). brain example
abnormal cell growth and division, mutations. ex: neuroglia that mutated
64
benign
contained, non life threatening
65
malignant (metastisis)
not contained, travels from one area through the blood to another area and continues mitosis across different areas
66
cancer is...
uncontrolled mitosis
67
how does chemotherapy work?
blocks mitosis of all cells
68
mitosis vs meiosis
mitosis- diploid (2 haploids) meiosis- haploid, sperm and egg
69
homologous chromosomes have how many...
23 pairs, 46 chromosomes zygote

a&p lecture test 1 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions