CHAPTER 2

Question 1

The tools of Reservoir
Simulation

Answer 1

Intuition and
Judgment

Complex
mathematical
models

Digital computers

Question 2

Model

Answer 2

Physical (a laboratory sandpack)

Mathematical

Question 3

Three Dimensional Model

Answer 3

Cartesian model
Radial model

Question 4

Model equation types:

Answer 4

Black Oil (Beta) models
Compositional Simulator

Question 5

Model Equation Formulation

Answer 5

IMPES(Implicit pressure, explicit saturation)
Fully Implicit formulation

Question 6

Data requirements

Answer 6

Cell location dependent
Pressure dependent
Saturation dependent
Well Data

Question 7

TYPES OF Porosity-

Answer 7

Effective Porosity
Hydrocarbon porosity

Question 8

3 Techniques in calculating average
permeability values

Answer 8

Arithmetic (or parallel)

Reciprocal (or Series/
harmonic)

Geometric averaging

Question 9

Production Limitations

Answer 9

Bottom-hole pressures

Skin factors

Maximum GOR or WOR
limits

Question 10

Conventional

Answer 10

Depletion

Pressure maitenance

Question 11

Enhance

Answer 11

Miscible flooding

Chemical flooding

CO2 injection

Steam or hot-water flooding

In-situ combustion

Question 12

Used to define a bottom water drive

Determine aquifer activity

Yield an accurate material balance

Answer 12

One Dimensional Model

Question 13

Two types:

Areal model-used if there is very little movement of fluids.

For thin sands

When there is no great difference in permeability

Cross-sectional model-used to simulate a sliced field.

Shows vertical and horizontal movement

Not useful in determining well patterns

Answer 13

Two Dimensional Model

Question 14

Model Equation Formulation

Answer 14

IMPES(Implicit pressure, explicit saturation)

Is current in pressure and solves for saturations after
pressures are known.

Fully Implicit formulation

Solves for both pressure and saturations simultaneously.

Question 15

Data requirements

    Cell location dependent

Answer 15

Length

Width

Thickness

Porosity

Absolute permeabilities (directional)

Elevation

Pressure(s)

Saturations

Question 16

Data requirements

Pressure dependent

Answer 16

Solution gas-oil ratio

Formation volume factor

Viscosities

Densities

Compressibilities

Question 17

Data requirements

Saturation dependent

Answer 17

Saturation dependent

Relative permeability

Capillary pressure

Question 18

Data requirements
Well Data

Answer 18

Production (or injection) rate

Location in grid system

Production limitations

Question 19

Gas which is released
from solution remains
in contact with the oil.

Answer 19

Flash Liberation

Question 20

the free gas is
removed while
maintaining the
pressure

Answer 20

Differential Liberation

Question 21

increases with
decreasing
pressure due to
expansion.

Answer 21

Gas formation
volume factor

Question 22

At the critical
(connate) water
saturation, the
water relative
permeability is
zero.*

Answer 22

Water-Oil Relative Permeability

Question 23

The ability of the fluid to coat the rock surface

Answer 23

Wettability

Question 24

Determined by laboratory **air-oil **data or
by estimating capillary values based on
height of the transition zone.

Answer 24

Gas-Oil Capillary Pressure

Question 25

Production Limitations

Answer 25

Bottom-hole pressures Skin factors Maximum GOR or WOR limits

Question 26

Used when fluid migration is expected parallel to the strike of a thick steeply dipping bed.

Answer 26

Cartesian model

Question 27

Referred to as “conning”models

Answer 27

Radial model

Question 28

consist of three phase flows: oil, gas and water

Answer 28

Black Oil (Beta) models

Question 29

– similar to black oil model in dimension and solution technique.

Answer 29

Compositional Simulator

Question 31

Is** current** in pressure and **solves** for saturations after pressures are known.

Answer 31

IMPES(Implicit pressure, explicit saturation)

Question 32

Solves for both pressure and saturations simultaneously.

Answer 32

Fully Implicit formulation