Chapter 2

Question 1

It is a segment of DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

Answer 1

Gene

Question 2

is a biochemical compound consisting of a chain of nucleotides called polynucleotide.

Answer 2

DNA or Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Question 3

Store and transmit information from cell to cell (mitosis) and from parent to offspring (meiosis)

Answer 3

Gene

Question 4

Copy or replicate itself with great consistency and precision

Answer 4

Gene

Question 5

•Undergo mutation or error in copying which would subsequently copied and replicated

Answer 5

Gene

Question 6

Number of chromosomes in Chicken

Answer 6

78

Question 7

Number of chromosomes in Duck

Answer 7

80

Question 8

Number of chromosomes of turkey

Answer 8

82

Question 9

This inheritance level is expressed by the so-called _______.

Answer 9

heritability

Question 10

Pure lines are primarily developed by use of _____ _____ _____

Answer 10

Closed Flock Selection

Question 11

Examples of Physical characteristics with high heritability

Answer 11

Comb type
Body shape
Plumage color and pattern
Shank
Skin color

Question 12

Examples of productive traits with high heritability

Answer 12

Body weight
Growth rate
Feed consumption
Dressing percentage
Egg size and egg quality

Question 13

Example of Biological fitness with low heritability

Answer 13

Livability
Morbidity

Question 14

Examples of reproduction with low heritability

Answer 14

Egg production
Fertility
Embryonic livability
Hatchability

Question 15

a selection procedure to find the lines with the best combining ability

Answer 15

Reciprocal recurrent selection program

Question 16

The end products are generally originating from 4 different lines. This is called a _ ___ ____

Answer 16

4-way-crossing

Question 17

Majority of breeds used today by commercial poultry keepers are _____ that have been bred by the large-scale international poultry breeding corporations and fertile eggs, DOC, or parental breeding stock are usually imported to tropical countries.

Answer 17

hybrids

Question 18

can be classified depending on whether it is aimed to increase homozygosity or heterozygosity.

Answer 18

Breeding System

Question 19

what are the 3 types of breeding system

Answer 19

Random Mating
Inbreeding
Outbreeding

Question 20

Normally used in breeding experiments to minimize genetic changes in a control population wherein selected populations are controlled.

Answer 20

Random Mating

Question 21

• this means each possible mating in a population has the same probability or occurrence.

Answer 21

Random Mating

Question 22

• mating between individuals which are more closely related to each other than the average relationship between all individuals in a population. It can be consistently carried out for several generations.

Answer 22

Inbreeding

Question 23

• Mating between sibs and parents and progeny. Full sib mating and backcrossing of the progeny to the younger of the parents are often practiced.

Answer 23

Close inbreeding

Question 23

Types of Inbreeding

Answer 23

Close Breeding
Strain Breeding
Line Breeding

Question 23

- Developing a small group of animals within a breed and variety with a special character in view. This is a mild form of inbreeding.

Answer 23

Strain Breeding

Question 24

- inbreeding with an ancestral line and is the most intensive form of back-crossing, where backcrossing to the same parent for several generations in succession.

Answer 24

Line breeding

Question 24

- opposite of inbreeding. Mating of animals that are less closely related.

Answer 24

Outbreeding

Question 25

Mating between strains or inbred lines are the forms of ________.

Answer 25

outbreeding

Question 26

Two different populations are crossed to produce a first filial (F1) generation.

Answer 26

Single or 2-way cross

Question 26

- In this method, F1 crossbred females (AB) are mated to males of a third line (C), to obtain a F2 progeny (ABC)

Answer 26

Three-way cross

Question 26

is defined as the pairing of a male and a female for the purpose of reproduction or production of young ones.

Answer 26

Mating

Question 27

4 Methods of Mating

Answer 27

Pen Mating Flock Mating Stud Mating Artificial Insemination (AI)

Question 28

– the usual method of pedigree breeding of chicken to segregate a single male with a group of females for the period of breeding season.

Answer 28

Pen mating

Question 29

– several males to females ; system by which two or more roosters go with the hens in the pen.

Answer 29

Flock mating

Question 30

– males are penned and females are brought to them after every 3 eggs lay; usual procedure to have a male confined at all times to individual pens and female will be introduced,

Answer 30

Stud mating

Question 31

- is the technique by which seminal fluid (semen) of male is introduced or deposited into the female reproductive tract by a pipette.

Answer 31

Artificial Insemination (AI)

Question 32

It is a red wild chicken that is widely spread in the East-Java, Burma, Thailand and Sumatra

Answer 32

Red Jungle Fowl (Labuyo) Gallus gallus or Gallus bankiva

Question 33

it is pale gray wild chicken that is widely spread in South and West India.

Answer 33

Gray Jungle Fowl Gallus sonnerati

Question 33

It is a wild chicken found in Sri lanka.

Answer 33

Ceylon Jungle Fowl Gallus lafayeti

Question 33

It is a Javanese wild chicken that is widely spread on the Island of Java and lesser Sunda Island.

Answer 33

Java or Green Jungle Fowl Gallus varius

Question 34

– widely believed to be the most probable ancestor of the modern chicken.

Answer 34

Red jungle fowl

Question 34

Factors in the Development of Modern Breeds

Answer 34

1. Genetic Mutation 2. Selection

Question 35

2 Types of Selection

Answer 35

Natural selection Artificial selection

Question 36

– the interference of man in achieving certain goals and personal ideals in improving the chicken for meat, for eggs, for fighting cocks, for fancy feathers

Answer 36

Artificial selection

Question 37

– a group of chicken that were developed in common area

Answer 37

Class

Question 37

– a group of chickens (fowls) possessing certain conformation or shape of body that distinguishes them from other chickens.

Answer 37

Breed

Question 38

– a group of chickens within a breed that have the same plumage color and type of comb.

Answer 38

Variety

Question 38

– a group of chickens within a variety of a breed which has undergone constant specific selection for certain traits by a specified breeder for periods of about 5 to 8 years.

Answer 38

Strain

Question 39

The existing breeds of poultry are classified into 2 ways:

Answer 39

1. Economic/ Utility Classification 2. Standard Classification

Question 40

Types in Economic/ Utility Classification

Answer 40

1, Egg type 2. Meat type 3. Dual Purpose type 4. Fancy class 5. Fighting class

Question 41

Different Standard Classification

Answer 41

American Class Asiatic class English class Mediterranean class

Question 42

Chicks should have uniform size and color and in case of broiler chicks should not be less than ___ grams at day-old.

Answer 42

33 grams