Chapter 2 Flashcards
(28 cards)
What are atoms?
Particles that make up different elements
What is the nuclear model of the atom?
A model showing protons and neutrons in the nucleus with electrons orbiting
What defines the structure of any atom?
Proton number and mass number
What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same element with the same proton number but different numbers of neutrons
How are electrons organized in an atom?
In shells around the nucleus
What is the relationship between electronic configuration and the Periodic Table?
It relates to an element’s position in the table
Do isotopes of an element have the same chemical properties?
Yes
How do you calculate the relative atomic mass of an element?
average mass of one atom of an element / 1/2 x mass of one carbon-12 atom
Define ‘element’.
A substance made up of one type of atom that cannot be further divided by chemical methods
How many known elements are there?
118 known elements, with 94 found naturally on Earth
Define ‘compound’.
A substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in fixed proportions
What is the relative charge of a proton?
+1
What is the relative charge of a neutron?
0
What is the relative charge of an electron?
-1
Where are protons located in an atom?
In the nucleus
Where are neutrons located in an atom?
In the nucleus
Where are electrons located in an atom?
Outside the nucleus
What is the relationship between the number of protons and electrons in a neutral atom?
Number of protons = number of electrons
What is the formula for mass number?
Mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons
What is the atomic number?
The number of protons in an atom
What is the relative atomic mass of hydrogen?
1
What atom is chosen as the standard for relative atomic mass?
Carbon-12
Why is carbon-12 chosen as the standard?
It is a solid at room temperature and easily handled
What is natural abundance?
The percentage of isotopes present in a natural sample of an element
