Chapter 2

Question 1

history of psychometrics

Answer 1

early antecedents —> individual differences —> experimental and psychosocial —> intelligence and achievement tests —> personality tests

Question 2

(206 BCE)
Scattered evidences of civil service testing in ____

Answer 2

China

Question 3

why did they do oral examinations

Answer 3

to determine work evaluations and promotion decisions

Question 4

what did they develop during the Han Dynasty? and what topics were included on it?

Answer 4

test batteries ; topics include: civil law, military affairs, agriculture, revenue, and geography

Question 5

year of Han Dynasty

Answer 5

206 BCE to 220 CE

Question 6

what was developed during the Ming Dynasty?

Answer 6

provincial capital tests, and then capital tests leads to national capital tests

Question 7

when was the year of Ming Dynasty?

Answer 7

1368 CE to 1644 CE

Question 8

who were eligible for public office during the Ming Dynasty?

Answer 8

only those who passed the national test

Question 9

what happened during 1832?

Answer 9

English East India Company imitated the chinese system to sepect employees for overseas duty

Question 10

when was the british government adopted a similar system of testing for its civil service testing system?

Answer 10

1855 ; then french and german govt followed shortly

Question 11

what happened during 1883

Answer 11

the united states established the American Civil Service Commission; they developed and administered competitive examinations for government service jobs

Question 12

according to _____, some individual differences are more adaptive than others and over time, lead to more complex, intelligent organisms

Answer 12

Charles Darwin

Question 13

_____ claimed that some people possessed characteristics that made them “more fit” than others

Answer 13

Francis Galton

Question 14

he noted that persons with mental retardation also tend to have diminished ability to be discriminated among heat, cold and pain

Answer 14

Francis Galton

Question 15

founder of psychometrics

Answer 15

francis galton

Question 16

he pioneered rating scales and questionnaires

Answer 16

Francis Galton

Question 17

he was the first to document the individuality of fingerprints

Answer 17

Francis Galton

Question 18

he was the first to apply statistics in the measurement of humans

Answer 18

Francis Galton

Question 19

who is Karl Pearson?

Answer 19

Hhe continued galton’s early work on statistical regression; he developed the pearson correlation

Question 20

he was the first to use the term “‘mental test”

Answer 20

James Mckeen Cattell

Question 21

first to stress the importance of statistics, quantification, ranking, and ratings that helped in the development of american psychology as an experimental science

Answer 21

James Mckeen Catell

Question 22

he proposed mathematical models of the mind and the founder of pedagogy as an academic discipline

Answer 22

Johan Friendrich Hertbart

Question 23

he proposed the concepts sensory thresholds and Just Noticeable Difference

Answer 23

Ernst Heinrich Weber

Question 24

he was involved in the mathematics of sensory thresholds of experience; founder of psychophysics and one of the founders pf Experimental Psychology

Answer 24

Gustav Theodor Fechner

Question 25

he pioneered Human Ability Testing ; APA issued its first set of standards for professional psychological testing because of his criticisms ; construction of Camegie Interest Inventory — Strong Vocational Interest Blank

Answer 25

Guy Montrose Whipple

Question 26

he was a large contributor to factor analysis; his approach to measurement was termed the Law of Comparative Judgment ; Thurstone Mental Ability Testing

Answer 26

Louis Leon Thurstone

Question 27

a french physician; he was responsible for the manuscript of mental retardation

Answer 27

1850 Jean - Etienne Esquirol

Question 28

what does the manuscript of mental retardation is all about

Answer 28

it differentiates insanity and mental retardation

Question 29

he is the pioneer in training mentally retarded persons ; rejected the notion of incurable MR ; opened the first school devoted to teaching MR children

Answer 29

1840’s Edouard Seguin

Question 30

In 1866, he conducted experiments with physiology training of MR

Answer 30

Edouard Seguin

Question 31

give the experiment conducted by Edouard Seguin with physiological training of MR

Answer 31

Sense Training / Muscle Training that leads to nonverbal tests of intelligence

Question 32

French society for the psychological study of the child: to develop special classes to Paris school children who failed to respond to normal schooling

Answer 32

Alfred Binet

Question 33

In ____, Lewis Madison Terman and Stanford College revise Binet’s test for use in the US ; more psychometrically sound

Answer 33

1916 ; Introduction of the term IQ

Question 34

what does IQ measures?

Answer 34

Mental Age / Chronological Age

Question 35

designed to identify intellectually subnormal individuals ; 30 items of increasing difficulty

Answer 35

Binet- Simon Scale of 1095

Question 36

____, developed two structured tests of human abilities during world war 1 ; what are those two structured human abilities?

Answer 36

Robert Yerkes ; Army Alpha and Army Beta

Question 37

differentiate Army Alpha from Army Beta

Answer 37

Army Alpha required reading comprehension; Army beta did not require reading competency

Question 38

he produces several scores of intellectual ability rather than Binet’s single scores

Answer 38

1930’s David Wechler

Question 39

____ were adopted from the army scales which evolved into ____

Answer 39

1939 Wechler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale ; Wechler Series of Intelligence Tests

Question 40

the tests were intended to measure personality traits during 1920s high or low

Answer 40

high

Question 41

the tests were intended to measure personality traits during 1930s high or low

Answer 41

low

Question 42

the tests were intended to measure personality traits during 1940s high or low

Answer 42

high

Question 43

first objective personality test meant to assist in psychiatric interviews ; developed during ww1

Answer 43

First Rise and Fall: Structured tests Woodworth personal data sheet

Question 44

it was designed to screen out soldiers unfit for duty ; mistakenly assumes that a subject’s response could be taken at face value

Answer 44

Woodworth Personal Data Sheet

Question 45

started with great suspicion; first serious study in ____ ; systematic colored and b and w inkblots ; introduced to the US by _____

Answer 45

Slow Rise: Projective Tests Rorschach Inkblot Test ; 1932 ; David Levy

Question 46

who developed Rorschach Inkblot Test?

Answer 46

Herman Rorschach

Question 47

Test constructed by Henry Murray and Christina Morgan

Answer 47

Thematic Apperception Test

Question 48

who developed Thematic Apperception Test?

Answer 48

Henry Murray and Christina Morgan

Question 49

It is a projective test that is composed of ambiguous pictures that were considerably more structured than the Rorschach

Answer 49

Thematic Apperception Test

Question 50

this tests claim that the meaning of the test response could only be determined by empirical research; most widely used (MMPI-2 , MMPI—A)

Answer 50

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI 1943)

Question 51

based on factor analysis- method for finding the minimum number od dimensions for explaining the largest number of variables

Answer 51

Sixteen Personality Factor Test

Question 52

who developed 16-PF Test?

Answer 52

Raymond B. Catell (early 1940s)

Question 53

who was the first to apply factor analysis techniques to test construction?

Answer 53

J.R. Guilford

Question 54

the socially transmitted behavior patterns, beliefs and products pf work of a particular population, community or group of people

Answer 54

Culture

Question 55

according to_____, culture is the socially transmitted behavior patterns, beliefs and products pf work of a particular population, community or group of people

Answer 55

Cohen , 1994