Chapter 3.1

Question 1

a statistical tool used to measure the relationship between two or more variables; change in one us accompanied by the change in another

Answer 1

Correlation

Question 2

a correlation in the same direction ; one variable goes up, the other goes up ; one variable goes down, the other goes down

Answer 2

Positive Correlation

Question 3

A correlation in the opposite direction

Answer 3

Negative Correlation

Question 4

if there is no relationship between two variables ; one variable changes, the other remains constant

Answer 4

Zero / No correlation

Question 5

Enumerate types of correlation based on direction

Answer 5

1. Positive C.
2. Negative C.
3. Zero / No C.

Question 6

type of correlation when two variable are considered as under positive or negative correlation

Answer 6

simple correlation

Question 7

type of correlation when more than teo variables are considered ; the correlation between them when all other variables are held constant, when the linear effects of all other variables on them are removed

Answer 7

Partial Correlation

Question 8

type of correlation when more than two variables are considered; the correlation between one of them and its estimate based group consisting of the other variable

Answer 8

Multiple Correlation

Question 9

enumerate types of correlation based on variables

Answer 9

1. Partial Correlation
2. Simple Correlation
3. Multiple Correlation

Question 10

type of correlation when the ratio of change is constant; when all the points on the scatter diagram looks like a straight line

Answer 10

Linear Correlation

Question 11

type of correlation when the ratio of change is not constant ; all the points on the scatter diagram tend to lie near a smooth curve

Answer 11

non-linear correlation

Question 12

enumerate the types of correlation based on form

Answer 12

1. Linear Correlation
2. Non Linear Correlation

Question 13

enumerate the methods of determining correlation

Answer 13

1. Scatter Diagram
2. Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation
3. Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient
4. Methods of Least Squares
5. Regression Analysis

Question 14

The simplest method to study the correlation between 2 variables; each pair of a variable is plotted on a graph in the form of dots thereby obtaining as many points the number of observations;

Answer 14

Scatter Diagram Method

Question 15

true or false

the more points plotted scattered over the chart, the lesser is the degree of correlation between variables

Answer 15

true

Question 16

true or false

the more the points plotted are closer to the line, the lower is the degree of correlation

Answer 16

false.

the more the points plotted are closer to the line, the 𝐡𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐞𝐫 is the degree of correlation

Question 17

the chart on which the dots are plotted are also called

Answer 17

Dotogram

Question 18

widely used mathematical method wherein the numerical expression is used to calculate the degree and direction of the relationship between continuous and linear related variables

Answer 18

Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation

Question 19

Perfect positive correlation

Answer 19

r = +1

Question 20

Perfect Negative Correlation

Answer 20

r= -1

Question 21

no correlation

Answer 21

r = 0

Question 22

perfect positive correlation: when all points lie on the straight line rising from the _______

Answer 22

lower left-hand corner to the upper right hand corner

Question 23

when all points lie on the straight line rising from the lower left-hand corner to the upper right hand corner

Answer 23

perfect positive correlation

Question 24

Perfect Negative Correlation: when all points lie on the straight line rising from the _______

Answer 24

upper left-hand corner to the lower right-hand corner

Question 25

when all points lie on the straight line rising from the upper left-hand corner to the lower right-hand corner

Answer 25

Perfect Negative Correlation

Question 26

suggest a strong correlation between

Answer 26

+/- .05 and +/- 1

Question 27

When the points plotted fall under the narrow band and is said to be positive when these show the rising tendency from the lower left-hand corner to the upper right-hand corner

Answer 27

High degree values

Question 28

values below ___ are considered a weak correlation

Answer 28

0.29

Question 29

Low degree of correlation: the degree of correlations between the variables is said to be low but positive/negative when the points are highly scattered over the graph and show a rising tendency from the

Answer 29

lower left-hand corner to the upper right-hand corner (vice versa)

Question 30

the variable is said to be unrelated when points are haphazardly scattered over the graph and do not show any specific pattern

Answer 30

No Correlation r= 0

Question 31

parametric has a ____ distribution

Answer 31

normal

Question 32

non parametric has a ____ distribution

Answer 32

skewed

Question 33

parametric uses _____ data

Answer 33

quantitative

Question 34

non parametric uses _____ data

Answer 34

ordinal / nominal

Question 35

a non-parametric statistical measure used to study the strength of association between the two ranked variables.

Answer 35

Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient

Question 36

tells the degree of correlation betweek the variables by using the square root of the product of two regression coefficient that x on y and y on x

Answer 36

method of least squares

Question 37

the square of the coefficient of correlation r2 which is calculated to interpret the value of correlation; explains the level of variance in the dependence variable or explained by its relationship with the independent variable

Answer 37

coefficient of determination

Question 38

the coefficient correlation measures not only the ____ of correlation but also tells the ____.

Answer 38

magnitude; direction

Question 39

is a statistical tool used to determine the probable change in one variable for the given amount of change in another

Answer 39

regression analysis

Question 40

the correlation is said to be ______ when the two regression lines coincide

Answer 40

perfect positive or negative

Question 41

in case the variables are independent, then the correlation will be ____ and the lines of regression will be at ____ angles

Answer 41

zero ; right angles

Question 42

line used to minimize th squared deviations of predictions

Answer 42

regression line

Question 43

___ determines how much Y variable changes when X is increased by 1 point

Answer 43

Slope

Question 44

Point Biserial

Answer 44

Artificial dichotomous + interval ratio

Question 45

Phi Coefficient

Answer 45

nominal true dichotomous + nominal (true/artificial)

Question 46

Tetrachoric

Answer 46

Artificial dichotomous + artificial dichotomous

Question 47

Kendall’s

Answer 47

3 or more ordinal rank

Question 48

used for comparison or determining differences

Answer 48

T-Test (Independent)

Question 49

describe T-Test (Independent)

Answer 49

2 different groups / independent samples + interval/ratio scales (continuous variables)

Question 50

describe T-Test (dependent) /Paired Test

Answer 50

1 group nominal + 2 treatments

Question 51

describe one way anova

Answer 51

3 or more groups tested once

Question 52

describe one way repeated measures

Answer 52

1 group measures at least 3 times

Question 53

describe two way anova

Answer 53

3 or more groups tested for 2 variables

Question 54

describe ancova

Answer 54

used when you need to control for an additional variable which may be influencing the relationship between your IV and DV

Question 55

describe anova mixed designs

Answer 55

2 or more groups measured more than 3 times