Chapter 2

Question 1

algorithm

Answer 1

Statements that describe how a problem is solved in terms of the actions to be executed, and specify the order in which these actions should be executed. Algorithms can help the programmer plan a program before writing it in a programming language.

Question 2

assignment operator

Answer 2

(=) Assigns a value to a variable

Question 3

Assignment statement

Answer 3

A simple statement that assigns a value to a variable using an assignment operator (=). When a value is assigned to a variable, it replaces the previous value of the variable, which is destroyed.

Question 4

Byte type

Answer 4

A primitive data type that represents an integer in a byte. The range of a byte value is from 2^7(-128) to (2^7)-1 (127)

Question 5

Casting

Answer 5

The process of converting a primitive data type value into another primitive type.

Question 6

Data type

Answer 6

Used to declare variables to indicate what kind of value the variable can hold.

Question 7

declare variables

Answer 7

Declares a variable with a data type.

Question 8

decrement operator

Answer 8

(–)

Question 9

double type

Answer 9

A primitive data type that represents double precision floating-point numbers with 14 to 15 significant digits of accuracy.

Question 10

expression

Answer 10

Represents a computation involving values, variables, and operators, which evaluates to a value.

Question 11

final keyword

Answer 11

A modifier that specifies a constant.

Question 12

float type

Answer 12

A primitive data type that represents single precision floating-point numbers with 6 to 7 significant digits of accuracy. The double type is used to represent double precisions with 14 to 15 significant digits of accuracy.

Question 13

floating-point number

Answer 13

A number that includes a fractional part.

Question 14

identifier

Answer 14

A name of a variable, method, class, interface, or package.

Question 15

Increment Operator

Answer 15

(++)

Question 16

incremental coding and testing

Answer 16

A programming methodology that develops and tests programs incrementally. This approach is efficient and productive. It helps eliminate and isolate errors.

Question 17

int type

Answer 17

A primitive data type that represents an integer in the range from -2^31 (-2147483648) to (2^31)-1 (2147483647

Question 18

IPO

Answer 18

Stands for Input, Process, Output

Question 19

literal

Answer 19

A constant value that appears directly in the program. A literal may be numeric, character, boolean, or null for object type.

Question 20

long type

Answer 20

A primitive data type to represent an integer in the range from -2^63 to (2^63)-1

Question 21

narrowing a type

Answer 21

Casting a variable of a type with a larger range to a variable of a type with a smaller range.

Question 22

operand

Answer 22

Are the values operated by an operator.

Question 23

operator

Answer 23

Operations for primitive data type values. Examples of operators are +, -, /, and %.

Question 24

overflow

Answer 24

When a variable is assigned a value that is too large (in size) to be stored, it causes overflow.

Question 25

postdecrement

Answer 25

Refers to the syntax such as x-- where the -- operator is placed after a variable.

Question 26

postincrement

Answer 26

Refers to the syntax such as x++ where the ++ operator is placed after a variable.

Question 27

predecrement

Answer 27

Refers to the syntax such as --x where the -- operator is placed before a variable.

Question 28

preincrement

Answer 28

Refers to the syntax such as ++x where the ++ operator is placed before a variable.

Question 29

primitive data type

Answer 29

The primitive data types are byte, short, int, long, float, double, boolean, and char.

Question 30

pseudocode

Answer 30

Describes the program logic using natural language mixed with some programming code.

Question 31

requirements specification

Answer 31

Is a formal process that seeks to understand the problem that the software will address and to document in detail what the software system needs to do.

Question 32

scope of a variable

Answer 32

Is the part of the program where the variable can be referenced.

Question 33

short type

Answer 33

A primitive data type that represents an integer in the range from -2^15 (-32768) to (2^15)-1 (32767)

Question 34

specific import

Answer 34

Specifies a single class in the import statement. For example, import java.util.Scanner imports Scanner from package java.util.

Question 35

system analysis

Answer 35

Seeks to analyze the data flow and to identify the systems input and output. When you do analysis, it helps to identify what the output is first, and then to figure out what input data you need in order to produce the output.

Question 36

system design

Answer 36

Is to design a process for obtaining the output from the input. This phase involves the use of many levels of abstraction to break down the problem into manageable components and design strategies for implementing each component.

Question 37

underflow

Answer 37

When a floating-point number is too small (i.e. too close to zero) to be stored, it causes underflow. Java approximates it to zero, so normally you don't need to be concerned about underflow.

Question 38

UNIX epoch

Answer 38

January 1, 1970 GMT is known as the UNIX epoch because 1970 was the UNIX operating system was introduced.

Question 39

variable

Answer 39

Variables are used to store data and computational results in the program.

Question 40

widening a type

Answer 40

Casting a variable of a type with a smaller range to a variable of a type with a larger range.

Question 41

Wildcard import

Answer 41

Imports all the classes in a package. For example, import.java.util* imports all classes from package java.util.

Question 42

Named constant

Answer 42

A variable declared final in Java. A local constant is a constant declared in side a method.

Question 43

Final

Answer 43

A modifier that specifies a constant.