Chapter 2 Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is limited jurisdiction?
It means that a court has authority to hear particular types of cases.
What is general jurisdiction?
It means that a court has the authority to hear a variety of cases.
What is personal jurisdiction?
The authority of the court over the person
What is subject matter jurisdiction?
The authority conferred on a court to hear a particular type of case
What is general jurisdiction?
Means that a court has the authority to hear a variety of cases
What is limited jurisdiction?
Means that a court has authority to hear particular types of cases
The two essential court systems in the United States
- The court system of the fifty states
- the federal court system
The three primary tiers of the federal court system
- district courts
- intermediate appellate courts
- the Supreme Court
What is the rule of four?
If four or more justices vote to accept a case
How many judges does the Supreme Court have?
It has 9
What are courts the courts that deal with less serious criminal offenses and civil cases?
Courts of limited jurisdiction
What is a trial de novo?
It is an entirely new trial that is conducted as if the previous proceedings had not occurred
Who are the court actors?
Judges, prosecutors, and defense attorneys
When does the criminal process begin?
It begins with an arrest or a complaint
What id probable cause?
It’s a legal concept referring to the amount of proof a police officer must have in order to search or arrest someone
What is the first court appearance?
It is the initial appearance
Where is the bail set?
During the initial appearance
In what case did the did the Supreme Court decide that excessive bail is an amount that exceeds the sum necessary to ensure the presence of the defendant at trial?
Stack v. Boyle
What are the two ways that charges maybe filed against a defendant?
- information: filed by the prosecutor
- indictment: filed by a grand jury
When does the defendant enter a plea?
At the arraignment
What are possible pleas?
Guilty, not guilty, no contest, and standing mute
What is a peremptory challenge?
It is one which no reason need be given
Which Supreme Court case held that peremptory challenges may not be used to exclude potential jurors on the basis of race?
Batson v. Kentucky
Which Supreme Court case held that peremptory challenges may not be used to exclude potential jurors on the basis of gender?
J.e.b v. Alabama
