Chapter 2

Question 1

Biogenetics-Body energy

Answer 1

the ability to do work (Force*distance) if either is missing no work.

Question 2

Metabolism

Answer 2

All reactions in the body that involve energy transformations.

Question 3

Catabolism

Answer 3

Breaks down molecules & releases energy – From larger to smaller molecules.
Is primary source of energy for making ATP.

Question 4

Anabolism

Answer 4

Makes larger molecules & requires energy – From smaller to larger molecules.
Source of body’s large energy-storage compounds.

Question 5

Glycolysis

Answer 5

is glycogen-lyses or breaking down gylcogen

Question 6

Lyses

Answer 6

The breakdown of compounds a catabolic process.

Question 7

Genesis

Answer 7

Is the building of compounds or product from like sources: An anabolic process.

Question 8

Neogenesis

Answer 8

Is the building of new compounds or product from different sources.

Question 9

What stores most of glycogen?

Answer 9

Skeletal muscle and liver.

Question 10

Glucose is stored as glycogen=

Answer 10

glycogenesis

Question 11

Glycogenolysis

Answer 11

Clips glucose out of glycogen as glucose 6-phosphate.

Question 12

What do phosphate groups do?

Answer 12

Trap molecules in cells.

Question 13

Where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 13

In the cell fluid. (cytosol or cytoplasm)

Question 14

Glycolysis

Answer 14

A metabolic pathway by which glucose is converted to 2 pyruvates. It does not require oxygen.

Question 15

Net equation of glycolysis if you begin with free glucose=

Answer 15

glucose + 2NAD + 2ADP + 2Pi –> 2 pyruvates + 2NADH + 2 ATP

Question 16

Net equation starting with glycogen the net is glycogenolysis

Answer 16

Use 2 NAD + 1 ADP + 1Pi  2 pyruvates + 2 NADH + 3 ATP

Question 17

Acetyl CoAs can be linked together to form fatty acids(T/F)

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Fat Metabolism Steps

Answer 18

1. Lipolysis
   FFA and glycerol
   2.Beta oxidation – 2 C oxidation of the free-fatty acid which makes…
2. Acetyl Co-A – enters Krebs cycle- basically only place fats enter the metabolic pathway
   4.ETS – ATPs produced

Question 19

Transamination

Answer 19

Which is addition of -NH2 (amine group) to pyruvate or Kreb’s cycle ketones to make a new amino acid
.

Question 20

Oxidative Deamination

Answer 20

Is process by which excess amino acids are eliminated

Question 21

Glucogenesis

Answer 21

Generation of glucose from pyruvate, lactate, glycerol and amino acids

Question 22

What is the brains major source of energy?

Answer 22

Glucose

Question 23

Metabolic Rate

Answer 23

The body’s rate of energy output (metabolism)

Question 24

Basal Metabolic Rate

Answer 24

depends on age, sex, body surface area, activity level, & thyroid hormone levels

Question 25

Neutral Energy Balance

Answer 25

Energy input = energy output | Body weight remains constant

Question 26

Positive Energy Balance

Answer 26

Energy input is greater than energy output Energy not used is stored primarily as adipose Body weight increases

Question 27

Negative Energy Balance

Answer 27

Energy input is less than energy output Body must use stored energy to supply energy needs Body weight decreases

Question 28

Insulin (hormone)

Answer 28

Secreted by pancreas in response to rise in glucose concentration

Question 29

Ghrelin

Answer 29

Hunger hormone (appetite stimulator)

Question 30

Absorptive State

Answer 30

Fed state; anabolism exceeds catabolism | Glucose is plentiful and serves as major energy source

Question 31

Postabsorptive State

Answer 31

Fasting state; net synthesis of fat, glycogen, and protein ceases Catabolism occurs

Question 32

Liver

Answer 32

Primary role in maintaining normal blood glucose levels | Principal site for metabolic interconversions such as gluconeogenesis

Question 33

Adipose Tissue

Answer 33

Primary energy storage site | Important in regulating fatty acid levels in the blood

Question 34

Muscle

Answer 34

Primary site of amino acid storage | Major energy user

Question 35

Brain

Answer 35

Normally can only use glucose as an energy source Does not store glycogen Mandatory blood glucose levels be maintained

Question 36

Vitamins

Answer 36

Are small organic molecules that serve as coenzymes in metabolism or have highly specific functions

Question 37

Minerals

Answer 37

Are needed as cofactors for specific enzymes & other critical functions

Question 38

Four Mechanisms of heat transfer

Answer 38

Radiation Conduction Convection Evaporation

Question 39

Radiation

Answer 39

the transfer of heat energy from a warmer object to a cooler object in the form of electromagnetic waves (“heat waves”), which travel through space.

Question 40

Conduction

Answer 40

the transfer of heat from a warmer to a cooler object that is in direct contact with the warmer one. The heat is transferred through the movement of thermal energy from molecule to adjacent molecule.

Question 41

Convection

Answer 41

the transfer of heat energy by air currents. Cool air warmed by the body through conduction rises and is replaced by more cool air. This process is enhanced by the forced movement of air across the body surface

Question 42

Evaporation

Answer 42

conversion of a liquid such as sweat into a gaseous vapor, a process that requires heat (the heat of vaporization), which is absorbed from the skin.

Question 43

Hypothalamus

Answer 43

Serves as body’s thermostat | Integrates thermosensory inputs