Chapter 2

Question 1

equation

Answer 1

a mathematical sentence that shows that two expressions are equivalent

Question 2

solution of an equation

Answer 2

a value of values that make the equation or inequality true

Question 3

Additional Property of Equality

Answer 3

For real numbers a, be, and c, if a = b, then a+c=b+c

Question 4

Subtraction Property of Equality

Answer 4

If a, b, and c are real numbers and a=b, then a-c=b-c

Question 5

Opposites

Answer 5

The opposite of a number a, denoted -a, is the number that is the same distance from zero as a, on the opposite side of the number line. The sum of opposites is 0.

Question 6

Additive Inverses

Answer 6

The opposite of a number. Two numbers are additive inverses if their sum is zero.

Question 7

Identity element

Answer 7

An equation that is true for all values of the variables.

Question 8

Multiplication Property of Equality

Answer 8

If a, b, and c are real numbers and a=b, then ac=bc.

Question 9

Division Property of Equality

Answer 9

For real numbers a, b, and c, where c does not =0, if a =b, then a/c=b/c

Question 10

Distributive Property

Answer 10

For all real numbers a, b, and c, a(b+c) = ab+ac, and: (b+c)a=ba+ca.

Question 11

Least common denominator

Answer 11

The least common multiple of two or more given denominators

Question 12

Greatest common factor

Answer 12

The product of the greatest integer and the greatest power of each variable that divides evenly into each term of the expression.

Question 13

identity

Answer 13

An equation that is true for all values of the variables.

Question 14

contradiction

Answer 14

An equation that has not solutions.

Question 15

ratio

Answer 15

A comparison of two numbers by division

Question 16

rate

Answer 16

A ratio that compares two quantities measured in different units.

Question 17

scale

Answer 17

The ratio of any length in a drawing to the corresponding actual length.

Question 18

unit rate

Answer 18

A rate in which the second quantity in the comparison is one unit.

Question 19

conversion factor

Answer 19

The ratio of two equal quantities, each measured in different units.

Question 20

proportion

Answer 20

An equation that states that two ratios are equal

Question 21

cross product

Answer 21

In the statement a/b=c/d, the product of the means bc and the product of the extremes ad are called the cross products

Question 22

means

Answer 22

The sum of all the values in a data set divided by the number of data values. Also call the average.

Question 23

extremes

Answer 23

In the proportion a/b=c/d a and d are the extremes. If the proportion is written as a:b = c:d, the extremes are in the first and last positions.

Question 24

scale drawings

Answer 24

A drawing that uses a scale to represent an object as smaller or larger than the original object.

Question 25

scale model

Answer 25

A three-dimensional model that uses a scale to represent an object as smaller or larger than the actual object.

Question 26

similar

Answer 26

Two figures that have the same shape, but not necessarily the same size.

Question 27

corresponding sides

Answer 27

Sides in the same relative position in two different polygons that have the same number of sides.

Question 28

corresponding angles

Answer 28

Angles in the same relative position in two different polygons that have the same number of angles.

Question 29

indirect measurement

Answer 29

A method of measuring an object by using formulas, similar figures, and/or proportions.

Question 30

scale factor

Answer 30

In a dilation, the ratio of a linear measurement of the image to the corresponding measurement of the preimage.

Question 31

percent

Answer 31

A ratio that compares a number to 100

Question 32

is

Answer 32

equal

Question 33

of

Answer 33

multiply

Question 34

part

Answer 34

divide

Question 35

commission

Answer 35

Money paid to a person or company for making a sale; usually a percent of the sale amount

Question 36

interest

Answer 36

The amount of money charged for borrowing money or the amount of money earned when saving or investing money

Question 37

sales tax

Answer 37

A percent of the cost of an item that is charged by governments to raise money

Question 38

principal

Answer 38

An amount of money borrowed or invested

Question 39

tip

Answer 39

An amount of money added to a bill for service; usually a percent of the bill.

Question 40

whole

Answer 40

The set of natural numbers and zero

Question 41

percent change

Answer 41

An increase or decrease given as a percent of the original amount. Percent increase describes an amount that has grown. Percent decrease describes an amount that has been reduced.

Question 42

percent increase

Answer 42

An increase given as a percent of the original amount

Question 43

percent decrease

Answer 43

A decrease given as a percent of the original amount

Question 44

discount

Answer 44

An amount by which an original price is reduced

Question 45

markup

Answer 45

The amount by which a wholesale cost is increased