Chapter 2

Question 1

Requirements of a profession are:

Answer 1

Specialized knowledge and preparation
Provision of essential services to society
Exercise of discretion
Autonomy and freedom from direct supervision
A code of professional standards
A professional code of ethics

Question 2

Efforts to further professionalize teaching include

Answer 2

1) Standards for teacher education programs have been raised
2) State licensing requirements have been increased
3) Entry-level examinations for teachers have been mandated in most states
4) Professional certification programs such as national board certification have been implemented
5) Performance based pay programs have been implemented
6) Teaching has come to be viewed as a career with opportunities for advancement

Question 3

National,state and local organizations for teachers

Answer 3

National Board Certification (NBPTS) (valid for 10 years)
NEA- National Education Association
AFT- American Federation of Teachers
CEC- Council for Exceptional Children
NCTE- National Council of Teachers of English
NCTM-  ...of Mathematics
NCSS- ...of Social Studies
ALA- American Library Association

Question 4

Open-shop- right to work state

Answer 4

negotiations are voluntary

Question 5

Closed-shop (fair-share state

Answer 5

school boards are required by state law to enter into a contract with the local teacher’s organizations

Question 6

Five core propositions of teaching

Answer 6

Julie Ashworth’s paper