Chapter 2 & 3

Question 1

accuracy

Answer 1

refers to how close the measured value is to the actual value

Question 2

precision

Answer 2

refers to how close a series of measurements are to one another

Question 3

random error

Answer 3

error that has an equal probability of being high or low

Question 4

systematic error

Answer 4

error that tends toward being either too high or too low

Question 5

density

Answer 5

the ratio of a substance’s mass to its volume

Question 6

intensive property

Answer 6

independent of the amount of substance

Question 7

extensive property

Answer 7

depends on the amount of substance

Question 8

energy

Answer 8

the capacity to do work

Question 9

work

Answer 9

the action of a force through a distance

Question 10

kinetic energy

Answer 10

energy of motion

Question 11

potential energy

Answer 11

energy associated with position

Question 12

thermal energy

Answer 12

energy associated with the temperature of an object

Question 13

law of conservation of energy

Answer 13

energy cannot be created nor destroyed

Question 14

calorie

Answer 14

the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1g of water by 1 degree celsius

Question 15

exothermic

Answer 15

system loses energy, change in energy is negative

Question 16

endothermic

Answer 16

system gains energy, change in energy is positive

Question 17

mole

Answer 17

amount of material containing 6.022 x 10^23 particles

Question 18

Schrodinger

Answer 18

introduced the idea that quantum strangeness could not be transferred to the macroscopic world

Question 19

quantum-mechanical model

Answer 19

a model that explains the strange behavior of electrons

Question 20

wave-particle duality

Answer 20

light behaves as both particles and waves

Question 21

electromagnetic radiation

Answer 21

a type of energy embodied in oscillating perpendicular electric and magnetic fields

Question 22

amplitude

Answer 22

vertical height of a crest of a wave

Question 23

wavelength

Answer 23

distance between adjacent crests of a wave

Question 24

frequency

Answer 24

the number of cycles that pass through a stationary point in a given amount of time

Question 25

wave equation

Answer 25

c = 𝝼𝝀

Question 26

electromagnetic spectrum

Answer 26

includes all wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation

Question 27

electromagnetic radiation with the shortest wavelength

Answer 27

gamma rays

Question 28

The most energetic forms of electromagnetic radiation have what kind of wavelength?

Answer 28

short wavelength

Question 29

The most energetic forms of electromagnetic radiation have what kind of frequency?

Answer 29

high frequency

Question 30

Electromagnetic Spectrum from low energy to high

Answer 30

Radio, Microwave, Infrared, Visible, UV, X-rays, Gamma

Question 31

electromagnetic radiation with the longest wavelength

Answer 31

radio

Question 32

interference

Answer 32

waves interact with each other in a characteristic way

Question 33

constructive interference

Answer 33

waves in phase, add together, greater intensity

Question 34

destructive interference

Answer 34

waves out of phase, subtract, cancel out

Question 35

diffraction

Answer 35

when a wave encounters an obstacle or a slit that is comparable in size to its wavelength, it bends around it

Question 36

photoelectric effect

Answer 36

the observation that metals emit electrons when light shines upon them

Question 37

binding energy

Answer 37

the energy with which an electron is bound to the metal

Question 38

threshold frequency

Answer 38

no electrons are emitted below this frequency of light

Question 39

Does intensity of the light affect the threshold frequency?

Answer 39

no nigga

Question 40

Einstein proposed:

Answer 40

light energy must come in packets

Question 41

equation for energy of one photon

Answer 41

E = h𝜈 or E = hc/𝝀

Question 42

Increasing the intensity of the light shown on a metal does what?

Answer 42

increases the amount of photons, **not** the energy of each photon

Question 43

Threshold frequency condition

Answer 43

h𝜈 = ɸ

Question 44

Equation for the Kinetic Energy of the emitted electron:

Answer 44

KE = h𝜈 - ɸ

Question 45

emission spectrum

Answer 45

a series of bright lines. it is always the same for a particular element.

Question 46

Johannes Rydberg

Answer 46

analyzed atomic spectra and developed an equation that predicts the wavelengths of the hydrogen emission spectrum

Question 47

The Bohr Model

Answer 47

developed by Niels Bohr in an attempt to explain the atomic spectra. Electrons orbit nucleus in various energy states.

Question 48

absorbtion spectrum

Answer 48

consists of dark lines on a bright background. measure by passing white light through a sample and observing what wavelengths are missing

Question 49

Louis de Broglie

Answer 49

proposed the wave nature of the electron

Question 50

de Broglie wavelength equation:

Answer 50

𝝀 = h/(mv)

Question 51

The uncertainty principle

Answer 51

formulated by Heisenberg. states that it is not possible to know the position and velocity of an electron simultaneously.

Question 52

deterministic

Answer 52

the present determines the future