Chapter 2 Flashcards
What is the difference between organic and inorganic compounds?
Inorganic compounds contain carbon
What features of water make it important to life?
Is it important to all life forms?
Dissolves nutrients, allows to pass nutrients through cell membranes.
Yes, life doesn’t exist without water.
What is pH?
Positive hydrogen ion content in a nutrient
What are acids, bases and salts and what impact do they have on living things?
Hydrogen is involved. Acid pH is -7 what makes it acid is has hydrogen. and base pH is +7 separates from hydrogen, salt positive and negative levels involved but no hydrogen.
What are carbohydrates?
How are they used in cells?
Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen.
Organic compounds that include sugar and starch. Used for recreation of ATP production, deoxyribobs is needed for DNA, used in cell walls.
What are the characteristics of lipids and phospholipids?
How are these used in living cells?
Lipids are fats, Phospholipids have phosphorus.
Lipids make up the cell membrane
What are proteins, what are they composed of?
Composed of amino acids, contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen, sometimes sulfur. Every enzyme is a protein.
What is a peptide bond?
Chemical bond formed between two molecule, When carboxyl group reacts with the amino group, releasing a water molecule.
What are primary – quaternary structure?
Primary: sequence of amino acids.
Secondary: the specific turns and twist that make it unique.
Tertiary: the overall structure of the protein.
Quaternary: the relationship between the structures and how they work together.
How does structure affect protein function?
Allosteric inhibitor changes the structure of the protein. Deactivating its active site.
What is DNA, where is it used in the cell and what nucleotides is it composed of?
DNA contains genetic material, and uses dioxyribose. It is in prokaryotes, composed of: adenine, guananie, thymine, cytosine.
How does RNA differ?
Does not contain thymine, uses Uracil, copies DNA sequences and uses ribose.
What is ATP, what other cellular molecules is it most closely related to and how is it used in cells?
It is adenosine triphosphate, It is like an RNA molecule, any form of energy requires ATP
