Chapter 2

Question 1

What is basic research

Answer 1

Deals with testing fundamental mechanisms, producing conditions or events without undue concern for the practical utility

Question 2

What is applied research

Answer 2

Generates solutions to immediate problems irrespective of mechanistic details.

Question 3

Intuition is what

Answer 3

Developing implicit understanding of phenomena of interest in absence of formal training.

Question 4

what is logic

Answer 4

Knowledge generated through application of formal rules of reasoning to problem in question.

Question 5

What is descriptive reseach

Answer 5

Provides in-depth portrayals of phenomenon of interest, in general, or for specific participant groups.

Question 6

What is predictive reseach

Answer 6

Establishes directional relationships between phenomena of interest

Question 7

What is theory

Answer 7

Interconnected concepts that explain how and why phenomena work together.

Question 8

What is an extraneous variable?

Answer 8

Variable other than IV that could influence the DV

Question 9

what is a null hypothesis ?

Answer 9

Indicates no relationship between the variables under study or no difference exists between the groups receiving or not receiving the independent variable.

Question 10

What is a alternative hypothesis?

Answer 10

Educated guess regarding the independent variable

Question 11

What does casual mean?

Answer 11

Process of identifying agents that when manipulated bring about the desired changes in the DV’s of interest

Question 12

What type of research requires ethical review?

Answer 12

Any research involving human participants, any research using biophysical specimens or human remains

Question 13

What are the three issues are central to good ethical conduct

Answer 13

Respecting participants, beneficence,, and justice

Question 14

What does respecting participants concern

Answer 14

Anonymity and confidentiality of participant data.

Question 15

what does beneficence concern

Answer 15

Maximizing potential benefits while minimizing possible harm to participants.

Question 16

What does justice mean?

Answer 16

Basically that the participants are the ones who derive benefits from the result of the study.

Question 17

What is a measurement

Answer 17

Assigning numbers to variables

Question 18

What is nominal?

Answer 18

Assigning numbers to variables representing measurement only as labels i.e #15

Question 19

What is ordinal?

Answer 19

Assigning numbers to variables so that a variable can be rank ordered

Question 20

What is an interval?

Answer 20

Assigning numbers to variables so that distances between numbers are equal

Question 21

What is a ratio?

Answer 21

Assigning numbers to variables so that a true zero exists. Ex: number of training sessions attended

Question 22

What is psychometrics?

Answer 22

Assessment of psychological variables using numbers

Question 23

What is reliability?

Answer 23

concerns the CONSISTENCY or stability of scores derived.

Question 24

True score model estimates

Answer 24

Reliability

Question 25

What is observed score

Answer 25

Actual numerical value derived from test

Question 26

What is true score?

Answer 26

Variable of interest plus some error of measurement

Question 27

Observed score =?

Answer 27

True score+Measurement error

Question 28

what is validity ?

Answer 28

Extent to which test scores serve intended function

Question 29

Five sources of validity?

Answer 29

Content, Criterion, Predictive, Concurrent, and consequential

Question 30

What is internal validity?

Answer 30

The study's results are attributed to treatment rather than design flaw

Question 31

What is internal validity threat?

Answer 31

Explanation for changes in dependent variable

Question 32

What is Quasi-Experimental Designs

Answer 32

Does not randomly assign participants to differnt conditions

Question 33

What design is common in S.E.P

Answer 33

Non-experimental design

Question 34

Some points on Basic interpretive qualitative study

Answer 34

Seeks understanding phenomena, processes, or perspectives. Interviews, observation, document examination. Analyzes data to identify patterns and themes

Question 35

What is phenomenology concerned with

Answer 35

Essence of lived experiences

Question 36

What is the grounded theory

Answer 36

Develops theory inductively derived from data

Question 37

Case study is descriptions and analyses of what?Use what perspectives?

Answer 37

Single unit, Disciplinary and methodological

Question 38

What is ethnograhy?

Answer 38

Study of culture around group or team

Question 39

What is substantive theory ?

Answer 39

Localized, dealing with particular real-world situations