Chapter 2

Question 1

The ability to do work. Living organisms obtain energy either directly from sunlight through photosynthesis or from food they consume

Answer 1

Energy

Question 2

All the chemical reactions taking place in the cells of a living organism that allow it to obtain and use energy

Answer 2

Metabolism

Question 3

The maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment

Answer 3

Homeostasis

Question 4

Chemically pure substance that cannot be chemically broken down each element is made up of an defined by a single type of atom

Answer 4

Element

Question 5

Anything that takes up space and has mass

Answer 5

Matter

Question 6

The smallest unit of an element that cannot be chemically broken down into smaller units

Answer 6

Atom

Question 7

A positively charged subatomic particle in the nucleus of an Atom

Answer 7

Proton

Question 8

Negatively charged subatomic particle with in the negligible mass

Answer 8

Electron

Question 9

Electrically charged subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom

Answer 9

Neutron

Question 10

The dense core of an atom

Answer 10

Nucleus

Question 11

A strong chemical bond resulting from the sharing of a pair of electrons between two Atoms

Answer 11

Covalent bond

Question 12

Atoms linked by covalent bonds

Answer 12

Molecule

Question 13

Describes the molecule with the carbon-based backbone and at least one C-H bond

Answer 13

Organic

Question 14

Describe the molecule that lacks a carbon-based back bone and C-H bonds

Answer 14

Inorganic

Question 15

Inorganic molecule made up of one or more sugars 01 Sugar carbohydrate is called a monosaccharide a carbohydrate with multi links sugars is called a polysaccharide

Answer 15

Carbohydrate

Question 16

An organic molecule made up of linked amino acid subunits

Answer 16

Protein

Question 17

Organic molecules that generally repel water

Answer 17

Lipids

Question 18

Organic molecules made up of linked nucleotide subunits; DNA and RNA are examples of nucleic acids

Answer 18

Nucleic acids

Question 19

Large organic molecules that make up living organisms; they include carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids

Answer 19

Macromolecules

Question 20

One chemical subunit of a polymer

Answer 20

Monomer

Question 21

The basic structural unit of living organisms

Answer 21

Cell

Question 22

A phospholipid bilateral with embedded proteins that forms the boundary of all cells

Answer 22

Cell membrane

Question 23

A type of lipid that forms the cell membrane

Answer 23

Phospholipid

Question 24

“Water-fearing” hydrophobic molecules will not dissolve in water

Answer 24

Hydrophobic

Question 25

"Water-loving" hydrophilic molecules dissolve in water

Answer 25

Hydrophilic

Question 26

A molecule in which electrons are not shared equally between atoms, causing a partial negative charge at one end and a partial positive charge at the other for example: water

Answer 26

Polar molecule

Question 27

A weak electrical attraction between a partially positive hydrogen atom and an atom with a partial negative charge

Answer 27

Hydrogen bond

Question 28

Water molecules sticking to water molecules through hydrogen bonding

Answer 28

Cohesion

Question 29

Water molecules sticking to other surfaces through hydrogen bonding

Answer 29

Adhesion

Question 30

A substance in which other substances can dissolve for example : water

Answer 30

Solvent

Question 31

A dissolved substance

Answer 31

Solute

Question 32

The mixture of solute and solvent

Answer 32

Solution

Question 33

A strong electrical attraction between oppositely charged ions formed by the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another

Answer 33

Ionic bond

Question 34

An electrically charged atom, the charge result kong from the loss or gain of electrons

Answer 34

Ion

Question 35

A measure of the concentration of H+ in a solution

Answer 35

pH

Question 36

A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of solutions making them more acidic

Answer 36

Acid

Question 37

Substance that reduced the hydrogen ion concentration of solutions, making them more basic

Answer 37

Base

Question 38

An infectious agent made up of a protein she'll that encloses genetic information

Answer 38

Virus

Question 39

A protein-only infectious agent

Answer 39

Prion