Chapter 2

Question 1

What is the simplest type of matter with unique chemical properties; composed of the same type of atoms?

Answer 1

ELEMENT

Question 2

What is the smallest particle of an element that have chemical characteristics of that element?

Answer 2

ATOM

Question 3

What are the 4 elements that the human body is made mostly of?

Answer 3

Oxygen 65%
Carbon 18.6%
Hydrogen 9.7%
Nitrogen 3.2%

Question 4

What is the sum of all of the anabolic and catabolic reactions in the body called?

Answer 4

METABOLISM

Question 5

What is ANABOLISM?

Answer 5

A synthesis (building) reaction.

Two or more reactants combine to form a new and larger product.

Requires energy… chemical bonds are formed and the energy is STORED in the bonds.

Responsible for growth, maintenance, and repair

Question 6

What is CATABOLISM?

Answer 6

A decomposition (break down) reaction.

A large reactant is broken down to form smaller products.

Chemical bonds are broken and the energy is RELEASED

Ex: digestion of food, breakdown of ATP for energy

Question 7

What is stored energy called?

Answer 7

POTENTIAL energy

Question 8

What is active energy called?

Answer 8

KINETIC energy

Question 9

The type of energy that is the movement of objects:

Answer 9

MECHANICAL energy, such as running

Question 10

The type of energy that is in the potential energy in chemical bonds:

Answer 10

CHEMICAL energy, such as the energy stored in glucose, ATP

Question 11

What happens to be a suspension, solution, and a colloid?

Answer 11

BLOOD

Question 12

What is a dispersal of tiny particles through a medium?

Answer 12

COLLOID

Such as milk, ranch dressing, proteins and plasma

Question 13

What is a solution where the materials separate unless stirred?

Answer 13

SUSPENSION

Question 14

What is a mixture of liquids, gasses, or solids that are uniformly distributed (no clear boundary)?

Answer 14

SOLUTION

Question 15

What is a combination of substances physically but not chemically?

Answer 15

MIXTURE

Question 16

If the acid releases almost all of their H+ ions, is it a weak or strong acid?

Answer 16

STRONG

Question 17

What is a chemical that resists changes in pH if an acid or base is added?

Answer 17

a BUFFER

Question 18

If a base releases almost all of its OH- ions, is it weak or strong?

Answer 18

Strong.

Hydroxide ions

Question 19

How do buffers in the blood help maintain pH?

Answer 19

By taking up excess H+ and OH- ions.

Question 20

If something is polar, is it soluble in water?

Answer 20

Yes

Question 21

What are functions of carbs?

Answer 21

Energy
Structure
Bulk in feces

Question 22

What are 3 types of carbs?

Answer 22

Monosaccharide
Disaccharide
Polysaccharide (formed by plants)

Question 23

What is lactose made from?

Answer 23

glucose + galactose

Question 24

What is sucrose made from?

Answer 24

glucose + fructose

Question 25

What is maltose made from?

Answer 25

glucose + glucose

Question 26

What is energy storage for animals in long chains of glucose called?

Answer 26

GLYCOGEN

Question 27

What is energy storage for plants in long chains of glucose called?

Answer 27

STARCH

Question 28

Name 3 disaccharides:

Answer 28

SUCROSE: glucose + fructose LACTOSE: glucose + galactose MALTOSE: glucose + glucose

Question 29

Name 3 monosaccharides:

Answer 29

GLUCOSE FRUCTOSE GALACTOSE

Question 30

What are non-polar molecules that consist mainly of Carbon, Hydrogen and some Oxygen?

Answer 30

LIPIDS Ex: steroids, fats, phospholipids, fat-soluble vitamins They may have other elements as well.

Question 31

What organic compound do these functions describe? | Protection, Insulation, Physiological regulation, Component of cell membranes, energy source:

Answer 31

LIPIDS relatively insoluble in water

Question 32

What type of fat constitutes 95% found in the human body?

Answer 32

TRIGLYCERIDES They may be saturated or unsaturated.

Question 33

What makes saturated fat, saturated?

Answer 33

Contains all single bonds in the carbon chain... making it more rigid and solid at room temp (no double bonds)

Question 34

How can you tell the difference between saturated and unsaturated?

Answer 34

Unsaturated has a double bond in the carbon chain, creating a "kink". Making it a liquid.

Question 35

What type of triglyceride has 1 double bond?

Answer 35

Monounsaturated. Ex: olive/peanut oil

Question 36

What type of triglyceride has 2 double bonds?

Answer 36

Polyunsaturated. Ex: safflower, sunflower, corn, fish oils.

Question 37

How do you make TRANS fats?

Answer 37

By adding hydrogen to unsaturated. Makes molecules more stable and less likely to spoil. Increases "bad" cholesterol (LDLs)

Question 38

What organic compound always contain Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen?

Answer 38

PROTEINS

Question 39

What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?

Answer 39

NUCLEOTIDES

Question 40

In DNA, what does THYMINE pair with?

Answer 40

ADENINE

Question 41

In DNA, what does GUANINE pair with?

Answer 41

CYTOSINE

Question 42

In RNA, what is THYMINE replaced with?

Answer 42

URACIL