Chapter 6 Flashcards
(79 cards)
Strong bands of connective tissue that connect skeletal muscles to bones:
TENDONS
Strong bands of fibrous connective tissue that attach bones to bones:
LIGAMENTS
Hyaline cartilage consists of specialized cells called? that produce a matrix surrounding themselves:
CHONDROBLASTS
When matrix surrounds a chondroblast, what does it become?
a CHONDROCYTE
A rounded cell that occupies a space called a lacuna within the matrix.
A rounded cell that occupies a space is called a:
LACUNA
A double-layered connective tissue sheath covering most cartilage:
PERICHONDRIUM
Hyaline cartilage that covers the ends of bones where they come together to form joints, has no perichondrium, blood vessels, or nerves:
ARTICULAR
CARTILAGE
Cartilage grows in 2 ways, in this way the perichondrium adds new cartilage to the outside edge of the existing cartilage:
APPOSITIONAL
GROWTH
The chondroblasts lay down new matrix and add new chondrocytes to the outside of the tissue.
The second way cartilage grows is when chondrocytes within the tissue divide and add more matrix between the existing cells, it is called:
INTERSTITIAL GROWTH
A calcium phosphate crystal that makes up most of the inorganic material found in mature bone:
HYDROXYAPATITE
Bone-forming cells which have extensive endoplasmic reticulum and numerous ribosomes:
OSTEOBLASTS
They produce collagen and proteoglycans, which are packaged into vesicles by the Golgi appartus and released from the cell by exocytosis.
These are released by osteoblasts and are membrane-bound sacs formed when the plasma membrane buds, or protudes outward, and pinches off:
MATRIX VESICLES
The matrix vesicles concentrate minerals and form needlelike hydroxyapatite crystals. When these crystals are released from the matrix vesicles, they act as templates which stimulate further hydroxyapatite formations and mineralization of the matrix.
Aka osteogenesis, it’s the formation of bone by osteoblasts:
OSSIFICATION
This occurs by appositional growth on the surface of previously existing bone or cartilage.
Once an osteoblast becomes surrounded by bone matrix, it’s referred to as an:
OSTEOCYTE
They become relatively inactive, but it’s possible for them to produce the componenets needed to maintain the bone matrix.
The spaces occupied by the osteocyte cell bodies are called:
LACUNAE
The spaces occupied by the osteocyte cell processes are called:
CANALICULI
Bone-destroying cells:
OSTEOCLASTS
These cells perform reabsorption, or breakdown, of bone that mobilizes crucial ions for use in many metabolic processes.
The osteoclast cell membrane then further differentiates into a highly folded form called the:
RUFFLED BORDER
Connective tissue develops embryologically from mesenchymal cells, some of these become this type of cell which can replicate and give rise to more specialized cell types:
STEM CELLS
These stem cells can become osteoblasts or chondroblasts:
OSTEOCHONDRAL
PROGENITOR
CELLS
They are located in the inner layer of the perichondrium and in layers of connective tissue that cover bone.
In this kind of bone tissue, the collagen fibers are randomly oriented in many directions within the bone matrix:
WOVEN BONE
It is the first formed during fetal development or during the repair of a fracture.
The process of removing old bone and adding new bone is called:
BONE
REMODELING
Woven bone is remodeled to form lamellar bone.
Mature bone that is organized into thin sheets or layers approximately 3-7 micrometers thick:
LAMELLAR
BONE
Thin sheet or layer of bone:
LAMELLAE
In general, the collagen fibers of one lamella lie parallel to one another, but at an angle to the collagen fibers in the adjacent lamellae. Osteocytes, within their lacunae, are arranged in layers sandwiched between lamellae.
