Chapter 2

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

anything that occupies space and has mass

Question 2

Mass

Answer 2

the amount of materian in an object - always constant

Question 3

Weight

Answer 3

varies with gravity

Question 4

Energy

Answer 4

capacity to do work

kinetic and potential

Question 5

Potential

Answer 5

stored energy - battery

Question 6

Kinetic

Answer 6

energy in action - matter is moving - potential is changed to kinetic

Question 7

Forms of energy

Answer 7

chemical, electrical, mechanical, radiant (electromagnetic)

Question 8

Chemical

Answer 8

potential is stored in form of bonds between atoms and molecules. Break bond - potential is transformed into kinetic …ATP

Question 9

Electrical

Answer 9

movement of charged particles - ions move across cell membranes (ions have a charge)

Question 10

Mechanical

Answer 10

energy that directly moves matter -

Question 11

Radiant (electromagnetic)

Answer 11

energy that travels in waves - light

Question 12

Elements that make up 96% of human body

Answer 12

O, C, H, N

Question 13

Protons

Answer 13

positively charges particles

Question 14

Neutrons

Answer 14

Neutral - no charge

Question 15

Electrons

Answer 15

Negatively charged particles - move in random around nucleus

Question 16

Stable Element

Answer 16

overall charge is 0

Question 17

Molecule

Answer 17

combo of 2 or more atoms held together by chemical bond - 2 atoms of oxygen bond together to give on molecule of 02 (gas)

Question 18

Compound

Answer 18

combo of 2 or more different atoms heald together by chemical bond

Question 19

Mixture

Answer 19

2 or more components physically mixed together

Question 20

Solutions

Answer 20

homogeneous mixture of 2 or more components

Question 21

Solvent

Answer 21

substance in greatest quantity

Question 22

Solute

Answer 22

substance in lesser amount

Question 23

Colloids

Answer 23

heterogeneous mixture that appears milky - like solution except particles larger scatter light

Question 24

Suspensions

Answer 24

heterogeneous mixture with particles large enough to settle out if given time

Question 25

Mixture

Answer 25

no chemical bonding between components - easy to separate out the substances of a mixture

Question 26

Compound

Answer 26

chemical bonding occurs - very difficult to separate - think of plain water

Question 27

Electron shells

Answer 27

the space that electrons occupy

Question 28

Valence Shell

Answer 28

outermost shell

Question 29

Octet Rule

Answer 29

atoms (except hydrogen) want 8 electrons in valence shell

Question 30

Anion

Answer 30

gains the electron

Question 31

Cation

Answer 31

loses the electron

Question 32

Covalent bond

Answer 32

occur by the sharing of electron pairs

Question 33

Single covalent bond

Answer 33

one electron pair

Question 34

double covalent bond

Answer 34

two electron pairs

Question 35

triple covalent bond

Answer 35

three electron pairs

Question 36

nonpolar compounds

Answer 36

electrically balanced - charges shared equally

Question 37

polar compounds

Answer 37

due to unequal electron sharing

Question 38

hydrogen bonds

Answer 38

due to polarity of the water molecules and are weak (therefore easily broken)

Question 39

reactants

Answer 39

substances entering reactions

Question 40

products

Answer 40

substances formed by a chemical reaction

Question 41

Synthesis Reaction

Answer 41

chemical bonds are formed A+B=AB

Question 42

Decomposition Reaction

Answer 42

chemical bonds are broken AB=A+B

Question 43

Exchange Reaction

Answer 43

Includes both decomposition and synthesis | AB+CD =AD + BC

Question 44

Oxidation-Reduction (redox)

Answer 44

Combo of decomposition and electron exchange reactions

Question 45

Electron donor is oxidized

Answer 45

Na loses an electron to Cl

Question 46

Electron acceptor is reduced

Answer 46

CL receives an electron from Na

Question 47

Endergonic Reaction

Answer 47

absorb energy - requires energy makes bonds (stores energy)

Question 48

Exergonic Reaction

Answer 48

release energy - produces energy (bonds are broken)

Question 49

Temperature

Answer 49

higher temp creates faster particle movement and increases rate of rxn

Question 50

Concentration

Answer 50

increase concentration increase rxn rate

Question 51

Particle size

Answer 51

smaller particle leads to increase of rxn rate

Question 52

Catalyst

Answer 52

increase rate of rxns - body uses enzymes - brings chemicals closer together - not changed by rxn