Flashcards in Chapter 2 Deck (56)
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1
Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
Early childhood
Develop Autonomy
2
Initiative vs Guilt
Play age
Develop initiative
3
Industry vs Inferiority
School age
Deve develop feelings of competence
4
Identity versus identity diffusion
Adolescent developmental stage
Integrate early Self with changing self
5
Intimacy versus isolation
Developmental stage early adulthood
Establish intimacy
6
Generativity versus self absorbency
Adulthood
Establishing guide the next generation
7
Integrity versus despair
Senescence
Reach end of life with positive self esteem
8
Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development
Trust vs Mistrust
Developmental Stage: Infancy
Develop a basic sense of trust
9
experience-expectant
the neural connections that develop under genetic influence, independent or experience, activity, or stimulation
10
experience-dependent
the neural connections that develop in response to experience
11
self-concept
an individual's perception of his/her identity as distinct from others
12
the value one places on their identity
self esteem
13
generativity
interest in establishing an guiding the next generation
14
self-regulation
the ability to control one's impulses, behavior, and/or emotions until an appropriate time, place, or object is available for expression
15
developmental tasks
a task that lies between an individual's need and a societal demand
16
ego centrism
the cognitive inability to look at the world from any point of view other than one's own
17
community
a group of people sharing fellowship an common interests; a group of people living in the same geographic area who are bound together politically and economically
18
social capital
term referring to individual and communal time and energy (human resources) available for such things as social networking, personal recreation, community improvement, civic engagement, and other activities that create social bonds between individuals and groups
19
advocacy
speaking or writing in support of a person, a group, or a cause
20
affective
having to do with feelings and emotions
21
attachment
an affectional tie that one person forms to another person, binding them together in space and enduring over time
22
operant
producing an effect
23
reinforcement
an object or event that is presented following a behavior and that serves to increase the likelihood that the behavior will occur again
24
positive reinforcement
a reward, or pleasant consequence, given for desired behavior
25
negative reinforcement
the termination of an unpleasant condition following a desired response
26
extinction
the gradual disappearance of a learned behavior following the removal of the reinforcement
27
punishment
physically or psychologically painful stimuli or the temporary withdrawal of pleasant stimuli when undesirable behavior occurs
28
feedback
evaluative information, both positive and negative, about one's behavior
29
self-efficacy
the belief that one can master a situation and produce positive outcomes
30
modeling
a form of imitative learning that occurs by observing another person (the model) perform a behavior and experience its consequences
31
standard
a level or grade of excellence regarded as a goal or a measure of adequacy
32
reasoning
giving explanations or causes for an act
33
altruism
actions that are intended to help or benefit another person or group of people without the actor's anticipation of external rewards
34
sociocentrism
the ability to understand and relate to the views and perspectives of others
35
transductive reasoning
reasoning from one particular fact or case to another similar fact or case
36
inductive reasoning
reasoning from particular facts or individual cases to a general conclusion
37
deductive reasoning
reasoning from a general principle to a specific case, or from a premise to a logical conclusion
38
authoritative
parenting a style of democratic parenting in which authority is based on competence or expertise
39
permissive
parenting a style of child-centered parenting characterized by a lack of directives or authority
40
authoritarian
parenting a style of parent-centered parenting characterized by unquestioning obedience to authority figure.
41
tradition
customs, stories, and beliefs handed down from generation to generation
42
ritual
a ceremonial observation a prescribed rule or custom
43
rites of passage
rituals that signify changes in individuals' status as they move through cycle life
44
routines
repetitive acts or established procedures
45
symbols
acts or objections that have come to be generally accepted as standing for something else
46
apprenticeship
a process in which a novice is guided by an expert to participate in the master taskes
47
values
qualities or beliefs that are viewed as desirable or important
48
attitudes
tendencies to respond positively (favorably) or negatively (unfavorably) to certain person/ objects, or situations
49
motives
needs or emotions that cause a person to act
50
motives
needs or emotions that cause person to act
51
attributions
explanations for one's performance
52
mastery motivation
the inborn motive to explore, understand, and control one's environment
53
achievement motivation
the inborn motivation to achieve mastery of challenging tasks
54
behavior
what one does or how one acts in response to stimulus
55
morals
and individuals evaluation of what is right and wrong
56
