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Educ 204 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt

A

Early childhood

Develop Autonomy

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2
Q

Initiative vs Guilt

A

Play age

Develop initiative

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3
Q

Industry vs Inferiority

School age

A

Deve develop feelings of competence

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4
Q

Identity versus identity diffusion

A

Adolescent developmental stage

Integrate early Self with changing self

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5
Q

Intimacy versus isolation

A

Developmental stage early adulthood

Establish intimacy

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6
Q

Generativity versus self absorbency

A

Adulthood

Establishing guide the next generation

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7
Q

Integrity versus despair

A

Senescence

Reach end of life with positive self esteem

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8
Q

Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development

Trust vs Mistrust

A

Developmental Stage: Infancy

Develop a basic sense of trust

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9
Q

experience-expectant

A

the neural connections that develop under genetic influence, independent or experience, activity, or stimulation

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10
Q

experience-dependent

A

the neural connections that develop in response to experience

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11
Q

self-concept

A

an individual’s perception of his/her identity as distinct from others

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12
Q

the value one places on their identity

A

self esteem

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13
Q

generativity

A

interest in establishing an guiding the next generation

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14
Q

self-regulation

A

the ability to control one’s impulses, behavior, and/or emotions until an appropriate time, place, or object is available for expression

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15
Q

developmental tasks

A

a task that lies between an individual’s need and a societal demand

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16
Q

ego centrism

A

the cognitive inability to look at the world from any point of view other than one’s own

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17
Q

community

A

a group of people sharing fellowship an common interests; a group of people living in the same geographic area who are bound together politically and economically

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18
Q

social capital

A

term referring to individual and communal time and energy (human resources) available for such things as social networking, personal recreation, community improvement, civic engagement, and other activities that create social bonds between individuals and groups

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19
Q

advocacy

A

speaking or writing in support of a person, a group, or a cause

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20
Q

affective

A

having to do with feelings and emotions

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21
Q

attachment

A

an affectional tie that one person forms to another person, binding them together in space and enduring over time

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22
Q

operant

A

producing an effect

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23
Q

reinforcement

A

an object or event that is presented following a behavior and that serves to increase the likelihood that the behavior will occur again

24
Q

positive reinforcement

A

a reward, or pleasant consequence, given for desired behavior

25
Q

negative reinforcement

A

the termination of an unpleasant condition following a desired response

26
Q

extinction

A

the gradual disappearance of a learned behavior following the removal of the reinforcement

27
Q

punishment

A

physically or psychologically painful stimuli or the temporary withdrawal of pleasant stimuli when undesirable behavior occurs

28
Q

feedback

A

evaluative information, both positive and negative, about one’s behavior

29
Q

self-efficacy

A

the belief that one can master a situation and produce positive outcomes

30
Q

modeling

A

a form of imitative learning that occurs by observing another person (the model) perform a behavior and experience its consequences

31
Q

standard

A

a level or grade of excellence regarded as a goal or a measure of adequacy

32
Q

reasoning

A

giving explanations or causes for an act

33
Q

altruism

A

actions that are intended to help or benefit another person or group of people without the actor’s anticipation of external rewards

34
Q

sociocentrism

A

the ability to understand and relate to the views and perspectives of others

35
Q

transductive reasoning

A

reasoning from one particular fact or case to another similar fact or case

36
Q

inductive reasoning

A

reasoning from particular facts or individual cases to a general conclusion

37
Q

deductive reasoning

A

reasoning from a general principle to a specific case, or from a premise to a logical conclusion

38
Q

authoritative

A

parenting a style of democratic parenting in which authority is based on competence or expertise

39
Q

permissive

A

parenting a style of child-centered parenting characterized by a lack of directives or authority

40
Q

authoritarian

A

parenting a style of parent-centered parenting characterized by unquestioning obedience to authority figure.

41
Q

tradition

A

customs, stories, and beliefs handed down from generation to generation

42
Q

ritual

A

a ceremonial observation a prescribed rule or custom

43
Q

rites of passage

A

rituals that signify changes in individuals’ status as they move through cycle life

44
Q

routines

A

repetitive acts or established procedures

45
Q

symbols

A

acts or objections that have come to be generally accepted as standing for something else

46
Q

apprenticeship

A

a process in which a novice is guided by an expert to participate in the master taskes

47
Q

values

A

qualities or beliefs that are viewed as desirable or important

48
Q

attitudes

A

tendencies to respond positively (favorably) or negatively (unfavorably) to certain person/ objects, or situations

49
Q

motives

A

needs or emotions that cause a person to act

50
Q

motives

A

needs or emotions that cause person to act

51
Q

attributions

A

explanations for one’s performance

52
Q

mastery motivation

A

the inborn motive to explore, understand, and control one’s environment

53
Q

achievement motivation

A

the inborn motivation to achieve mastery of challenging tasks

54
Q

behavior

A

what one does or how one acts in response to stimulus

55
Q

morals

A

and individuals evaluation of what is right and wrong

56
Q

gender roles

A

the qualities that an individual understands to characterize males and females in his or her culture.

Educ 204 (1 decks)

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