Chapter 2

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

Each human cell contains chromosomes

Question 2

Chromosomes

Answer 2

Thread-like structures made up of deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA

Question 3

DNA

Answer 3

Complex molecule that has a double helix shape, contains genetic information

Question 4

Genes

Answer 4

Units of hereditary information

Question 5

Proteins

Answer 5

Building blocks of cells, regulators that direct the bodys processes

Question 6

Zygote

Answer 6

Egg and a sperm fuse to create a single cell, 23 unpaired from both parents to combine to 46 chromosomes

Question 7

Female chromosomes

Answer 7

Two pair XX Female

Question 8

Male Chromosomes

Answer 8

Two pair XY Male

Question 9

Genotype

Answer 9

All of persons genetic material

Question 10

Phenotype

Answer 10

Observable characteristics includes physical characteristics and psychological characteristics(personality)

Question 11

Dominant gene

Answer 11

One gene of a pair always exerts its effects

Question 12

Recessive gene

Answer 12

Exerts its influence only if the two genes of a pair are both recessive

Question 13

Down syndrome

Answer 13

Caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosomes 21

Question 14

Kinefelter Syndrome (XYY)

Answer 14

Extra X chromo, Hormone Therapy

Question 15

Fragile X syndrome

Answer 15

Abnormal X chromo mental retardation, Special ED

Question 16

Turner syndrome (XO)

Answer 16

Missing X chromo in females mental retardation, Hormone therapy

Question 17

XYY syndrome

Answer 17

Extra Y chromo above average height, no treatment

Question 18

Epigenetic view

Answer 18

Development is the result of an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between heredity and the environment

Question 19

Gene X environmental

Answer 19

Interaction of a specific measured variation in DNA and a specific measured aspect of the environment

Question 20

Passive Geno-Enviro

Answer 20

Parents provide the child with a similar environment that they enjoy

Question 21

Evoactive Geno-Enviro

Answer 21

Child looks for certain environment

Question 22

Active Geno-Enviro

Answer 22

Child looks for specific environment that fits them the most

Question 23

Zygote

Answer 23

Fertilized egg

Question 24

Blastocyst

Answer 24

Inner mass of cells that will eventually develop into the embryo

Question 25

Trophoblast

Answer 25

Outer layer of cells that later provides nutrition and support for the embryo

Question 26

Implantation

Answer 26

Attachment of the zygote to the uterine wall

Question 27

Organogenesis

Answer 27

Process of organ formation during the first two months of prenatal development

Question 28

Embryo

Answer 28

Mass of cells

Question 29

Endoderm

Answer 29

Inner layer develops into the digestive system and respiratory

Question 30

Mesoderm

Answer 30

Middle layer develops the circulatory system, bones ..etc

Question 31

Ectoderm

Answer 31

Outmost layer develops into the nervous system, sensory receptors..etc

Question 32

Amnion

Answer 32

Bag containing a clear fluid in which the developing embryo floats

Question 33

Umbilical cord

Answer 33

Contains two arteries and one vein and connects the baby to the placenta

Question 34

Placenta

Answer 34

Consists of a disk-shaped group of tissues in which small blood vessels from mother to baby

Question 35

Folic acid

Answer 35

Helps prevent neural tube defects and autism

Question 36

Neurogenesis

Answer 36

Generation of new neurons

Question 37

Neuronal migration

Answer 37

Conception 6-24wks

Question 38

Ultrasound Sonography

Answer 38

High-frequency sound waves

Question 39

Fetal MRI

Answer 39

Obtain more detailed images than ultrasound

Question 40

Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

Answer 40

Tiny tissues sample from the placenta is removed and analyzed

Question 41

Amnioncentesis

Answer 41

Sample of amniotic fluid is withdrawn and tested from chromo or metabolic disorders

Question 42

Maternal blood screening

Answer 42

Evaluates high risk for birth defects such as spina bifida and down syndrome

Question 43

Triple screening

Answer 43

Measures three substances in mothers blood

Question 44

Epigenetic view

Answer 44

Development is the result of an ongoing, indirectional interchange between heredity and the enviornment

Question 45

First Trimester

Answer 45

First 3 months

Question 46

Second Trimester

Answer 46

Middle 3 months

Question 47

Third Trimester

Answer 47

Last 3 months

Question 48

Teratogen

Answer 48

Any agent that can potentially cause a birth defect or negatively alter cognitive and behavioral outcomes

Question 49

Birth Process 1st Stage

Answer 49

Contractions cervix to stretch and open

Question 50

Birth Process 2nd Stage

Answer 50

Begins when babies head starts to move through the cervix

Question 51

Birth Process 3rd Stage

Answer 51

After birth, placenta, umbilical cord and other membranes

Question 52

Medication for Childbirth

Answer 52

Analgesia Epidural Anesthesia Oxytocics

Question 53

Breech position

Answer 53

Buttocks rather than head emerge first

Question 54

Cesarean delivery (C-section)

Answer 54

Baby is removed from the mothers uterus through an incision made in her abdomen

Question 55

Anoxia

Answer 55

Insufficient supply of oxygen

Question 56

Oxytocin

Answer 56

Plays a role in sexual reproduction and maternal bonding "love hormone"