Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Philosophy 101 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

(51 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Intuition

A

the power or ability to have immediate direct knowledge of something without conscious reasoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Instinct

A

unlearned natural impulse to act in a certain way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Tripartite Soul: Plato

A

Reason
Spirited element
appetite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Tripartite Soul: Aristotle

A

Rational
Sentient: feeling pain/suffering
Nutritive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

zoon logikon

A

rational/social animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Substance dualism

A

physical and mental interact with each but they have different properties/entities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Te los

A

purpose/fulfillment
completion or fulfillment of something
purpose, goal, end, aim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Augustine: 3 basic disorderly desires

A

Lust: sexual or intense desire
Curiosity
Pride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Aristotle

A

use reason to find happiness

a wise person knows when/how to use feelings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

3 Faculties

A

mind/head
emotion/heart
will/volition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Aquinas and Augustine

A

using reason to know God results in happiness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Darwin

A

-From a non-cell comes a cell
-humans don’t have a purpose and everything happens by blind chance
-humans aren’t different from animals
(different in degree but not in kind)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Existentialism

A

our only purpose is that which we create ourselves
nothing is predetermined
Existence precedes essence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Jean-Paul Sartre

A

Man exists then determines nature

No fixed human nature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Eligo ergo sum

A

I choose, therefore I am

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sartre

A

We are condemned to be free
God and society become irrelevant
Freedom implies responsibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Mauvaise foi

A

blame someone else/ don’t take responsibility
Fall into despair: waiting for results- leads to anxiety
Despair is a way of life: no way out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Absurd

A

ab: very
Sudus: deaf
not rational (dissonance harmony)
-life is a series of meaningless disconnected events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Heidegger: “ih bin nicht zu house” (absurd)

A

I’m not at home

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Samuel Beckett (absurd)

A

the devoid of meaning and moral order

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Reason

Study These Flashcards
A

primary source of knowledge prior to, superior to, and independent of sense perceptions

22
Q

Perfection

Study These Flashcards
A

no more, no less, just right

learn to embrace flaws

23
Q

Dualism

Study These Flashcards
A

Body and mind

24
Q

Consciousness

Study These Flashcards
A

subjective

comes from own mind

25
Descartes
``` body is extended thing mind is thinking thing Mental is who you are -thought pineal gland connected immaterial mind and material body Senses can deceive but mind cannot ```
26
Cognito ergo sum (Descartes)
I think therefore I am
27
Hobbes
monos=one mental processes=physical processes -all activities and mental processes can be described as working like a machine
28
Smart
mental processes=brain states -mental activities do not seem to have the properties brain processes have Conscious experience is not something you can see
29
Ryle (Behaviorist)
-The only thing we can know about someone is what we can observe -"ghost in the machine": an immaterial mind inside a physical body (feelings, thoughts, mind are just labels) -mental words must be words for observable behavior
30
Putnam (Behaviorist)
superactor and superspartan | outer and inner experiences are different
31
Enduring Self
John and Lisa | Can I remain the same through changes?
32
Bodily Continuity
Fingerprints, hair, blood, DNA never change | Mad scientist: switched brains
33
Descartes (soul)
soul makes a person remain the same
34
John Locke
a person's memories/awareness determines their identity | person=memories
35
Thomas Reid
Disagrees with Locke | Contradiction: Tom through ages
36
Hume
knowledge is based on senses we only have perceptions (self is not real) Cannot give up idea of self
37
Buddhism
Illusion of self=suffering/pain desire comes from self: leads to suffering everything is impermanent Can give up idea of individual self
38
Descartes: Atomistic
When you withdraw from others you can find your true self Self is self-sufficient/autonomous External influence is irrelevant Only you are able to judge yourself (self-judgement) (Cognito ergo sum: I think therefore I am) Trusts the mind: Identity based on ability to think for self Embraces autonomy but rejects heteronomy (heteros=other)
39
Descartes: 4 views
- Real me exists within myself - This real me and qualities exists independently of others - I by myself can discover the real me by withdrawing from others - I can be the judge of what the truth about myself is
40
Kant
Ability to choose for oneself: autonomy | I choose to be who I am
41
Relational self
Taylor, Aristotle, Hegel We need others to define for us who our real self is We interrelate to others zoon poitikon: social animals
42
Hegel
Slaves and master (master gradually becomes dependent on slaves) Struggle for power: might makes right (part of being social animals) Mutual recognition/affirmation of qualities Personal identities determined by mutual recognition
43
Hegel: culture
- self defined by culture | - culture is the mirror through which society shows the person who and what she is
44
Culture
traditions, symbols, language, ideas, music, beliefs, etc.
45
Problem: Sartyre
Descartes and Kant say you determine who you are and not based on external influences How do you know your character/actions are right or wrong
46
Problem: Aristotle, Hegel, Taylor
More unbiased | Not responsible for what you are or do
47
Aristotle (study)
Empiricist: material things
48
Plato (study)
Idealist: ideas more important than material
49
Aristotle: Four Causes
``` Formal Cause (characteristics of form) Material Cause (stuff it is made of) Efficient Cause (agent who brings about change) Final Cause (purpose of change: telos [purpose/goal]) ```
50
Happiness
an end/goal Part of human nature: everyone want to be happy Means are different for everyone
51
3 Dimensions
Vertical: divine and human encounter - Inner (depth): view on yourself - Horizontal: relationship with others

Philosophy 101 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions