Chapter 2

Question 1

Define Under reinforced

Answer 1

Steel yields before concrete crushes
ductile
tension failure

Question 2

Define Over reinforced section

Answer 2

Concrete crushes before steel yields
brittle failure
compression failure
As>Asb

Question 3

What is Alpha1

Answer 3

the ratio of stress in rectangular compression block to compressive strength of concrete

Question 4

What is Beta1

Answer 4

the ratio of the depth of the compression block to the depth of the NA

Question 5

When is transverse reinforcement required?

Answer 5

In girders that run parallel to the flexural reinforcement in a slab.

Question 6

Explain the shear lag effect in T-sections

Answer 6

At the support there are no compressive forces in the flange. As you move away from the support the compressive forces move up the web. The force will hit the middle of the flange first and then distribute to the ends of the flanges. This causes a non-uniform distribution, where the middle portion is more stressed than the ends, hence a shear lag.

Question 7

What are the 2 stresses that are generated due to the shear lag

Answer 7

Transverse compression and transverse tension