Chapter 2

Question 1

Define covalent bond

Answer 1

Sharing electrons

Question 2

Define ionic bond

Answer 2

Donating electrons

Question 3

Define hydrogen bonding

Answer 3

A weak interaction between the hydrogen atom on one molecule a negatively charged portion of another molecule

Question 4

Define anabolism

Answer 4

The synthesis of complex organic compounds from simpler precursors

Question 5

Define electrolyte

Answer 5

Soluble inorganic compounds whose ions will conduct an electrical current in solution

Question 6

Define isotopes

Answer 6

Forms of an element whose Atoms contain the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons thus differ and atomic mass

Question 7

Define hydrophilic

Answer 7

Freely associating with water readily entering into a solution water loving

Question 8

Define polymer

Answer 8

A large molecule containing of a long chain of monomer subunits

Question 9

Define mole

Answer 9

A quantity of an element or compound having a mass in grams equal to the elements atomic weight or to the compounds molecular weight

Question 10

Define decomposition

Answer 10

A chemical reaction that breaks a molecule into smaller fragments

Question 11

Define carbohydrates

Answer 11

And a organic compound containing carbon hydrogen and oxygen in a ratio that of proximates 1 to 2 to 1

Question 12

Define peptide bond

Answer 12

A covalent bond between the amino group of One amino acid in the carboxyl group of another

Question 13

Define coenzymes

Answer 13

Complex organic cofactors most are structurally related to vitamins

Question 14

Define cofactors

Answer 14

Ions or molecules that must be attached to the active site before and enzyme can function examples include mineral ions and several vitamins

Question 15

Define hydrophobic

Answer 15

Incapable of freely associating with water molecules insoluble in water fearing

Question 16

Define ion

Answer 16

An atom or Molecule having a positive or negative charge due to the loss or gain respectively of one or more electrons

Question 17

Define catabolism

Answer 17

The breakdown of complex organic molecules into simpler components accompanied by the release of energy

Question 18

Define synthesis

Answer 18

Manufacture anabolism

Question 19

Define enzyme

Answer 19

A protein that catalyzes a specific biochemical reaction

Question 20

What are lipids made from

Answer 20

Carbon hydrogen oxygen

Question 21

What are proteins made from

Answer 21

Carbon hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen and also NH2, amino, and a carboxyl group

Question 22

What are nucleic acid’s made from

Answer 22

Carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen and and phosphate

Question 23

What is the monomer for carbohydrates

Answer 23

Monosaccharide

Question 24

What is the monomer for lipids

Answer 24

Triglyceride

Question 25

What is the monomer of proteins

Answer 25

Amino acid's

Question 26

What is the monomer for nucleic acid

Answer 26

Nucleotide

Question 27

What is the polymer for carbohydrates

Answer 27

Polysaccharide or disaccharide

Question 28

What is the polymer for lipids

Answer 28

Saturated or unsaturated or trans fats

Question 29

What is the polymer for proteins

Answer 29

Polypeptide

Question 30

What is the polymer for nucleic acid's

Answer 30

DNA and RNA

Question 31

What is the function of carbohydrates

Answer 31

Short term energy and cell structure

Question 32

What is the function of lipids

Answer 32

Long-term energy and nerve connection and steroids and cell membranes and insulation and protection

Question 33

What is the function of proteins

Answer 33

Enzymes and transport and tell the cells how to act and muscles and structures and hormones and indicators on our blood cells

Question 34

What is the function of nucleic acid's

Answer 34

Instructions for proteins and replication and genetics

Question 35

Define acid

Answer 35

Any solute that dissociates in solution and releases hydrogen ions lowering the pH

Question 36

Define base

Answer 36

Absolute that removed hydrogen ions from a solution raising the pH

Question 37

Examples of inorganic acids

Answer 37

Urine, stomach acid, vinegar, beer

Question 38

Examples of organic acids

Answer 38

Hydrochloride acid

Question 39

Define pH

Answer 39

A solution is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration in moles per liter

Question 40

Examples of monosaccharides

Answer 40

Glucose, fructose

Question 41

Function of monosaccharides

Answer 41

Energy source

Question 42

What are monosaccharides

Answer 42

Manufactured in the body and obtained from food; distributed in body fluids

Question 43

Examples of disaccharide

Answer 43

Sucrose, lactose, maltose

Question 44

What is the function of disaccharide

Answer 44

Energy source

Question 45

How do disaccharides function

Answer 45

They must be broken down to monosaccharides before absorption

Question 46

Examples of polysaccharide

Answer 46

Glycogen

Question 47

What is the function of polysaccharides

Answer 47

Storage of glucose

Question 48

What do polysaccharides do

Answer 48

Glycogen in animal cells, other starches and cellulose are within of around plant cells

Question 49

What is the function of fatty acids?

Answer 49

Energy source, absorbed from food or synthesized in cells, transported in the blood

Question 50

What is the function of phospholipids

Answer 50

Derived from fatty acids and no lipid components; structural components of plasma membranes

Question 51

What is the function of triglycerides?

Answer 51

Accumulate lipid soluble vitamins, drugs, or toxins that appear in the body.

Question 52

What is the function of cholesterol

Answer 52

It is a steroid; cell growth and division; in animal cells, boundary; hormones

Question 53

How are amino acids chemically bonded?

Answer 53

Peptide bond