Chapter 2 Flashcards
(25 cards)
maturation
process of biological, social, emotional growth over time
development
- changes in performance influenced by maturational processes and growth
- developmental milestones: behaviors acquired through maturation
learning
- acquisition of new behaviors through interaction with environment
- skill development: exposure, feedback, practice
- occupational engagement
occupational engagement
people doing occupations in a manner that fully involves their effort, drive, and attention
Hierarchical model
- motor system and development are building blocks of the nervous system, from lower to higher centers
- when damaged, excessive unregulated function of lower centers seen
problem with hierarchical model?
unidirectional:
genes direct brain growth –> directs brain function –> directs behavior
neuroplasticity
ability of the human brain to change as a result of one’s experiences; example: current systems theory
behavioral genetics
a field of study that examines the role of genetics of behavior
epigenetics
science of what causes genes to be expressed in response to environment (“switches”) as opposed to how genotype directs environmental response
developmental systems
co-occuring contributions of genes/environments/epigentetic factors on developmental processes
systems theory of motor control
- movement at any given point in time is emergent
- depends on the control parameters acting on the system at the time
- constraints vs. control parameters
- degrees of freedom
control parameters
could be a function of change in any one of the subsystems within dynamical systems theory
degrees of freedom
flexibility in motor program
Duvall Stages of Family development
describes a family life cycle that is intended to characterize the development of most families around the world
Life course theory
paradigm for study of people’s lives, structural contexts, social change
health disparity
type of health difference linked with social/economic/environmental disadvantage
health determinant
determining factor (biology, genetics, SES, access to health care)
health trajectories
predicted pattern of health of disablement likely given internal/external influences over life course
early programming
- early experiences program future health/development; can be positive or negative
- sensitive periods - impact of adverse event/exposure greatest if during sensitive period
cumulative effect
from increasing/frequent influences during developmental period; both positive and negative
risk factor
characteristics of family/community environments known to predict increased likelihood of negative health outcome
protective factor
exerts positive influence or buffer against negative influence of risk
LCT Key Concepts
- today’s experiences and exposures influence tomorrow’s health
- health trajectories are particularly affected during critical or sensitive periods
- the broader community environment affects the capacity to be healthy
- genetics influences protective and risk factors for disease, but inequality in health reflects more than genetics and personal health
competence promotion
prevention science; education and public health initiatives to increase resilience
