Chapter 2

Question 1

What are the types of criminology

Classical criminology

Answer 1

1) Criminal behavior is rational, and most peoe have the potential to engage in such behavior.
2) People may choose to commit a crime after weighing the costs and benefits of their actions
3) Fear of punishment is what keeps most people in check. Therefore, the severity, certainty, and speed of punishment affect the level of crime.
4) The punishment should fit the crime, not the person who committed it.
5) The criminal justice system must be predictable, with laws and punishments known to the public.

Overall, it’s a school of criminology that views behavior as stemming from free will, that demands responsibility and accountability of all perpetrators, and that stressed the need for punishment severe enough to deter others.

Question 2

What are the types of criminology.

Positivist Criminology

Answer 2

A school of criminology that views behavior as stemming from social, biological, and psychological factors. It argues that punishment ishment should be tailored to the individual needs of the offender.

Uses science to study the body, mind, and environmental of the offender. Science could help reveal why offenders committed crimes and how they could be rehabilitated. Key features are:

1) Human behavior is controlled be physical, mental, and social factors, not by free will.
2) Criminals are different from noncriminals.
3) Science can be used to discover the causes of crime and to treat deviants.

Question 3

What are the types of criminology

Biological Explanations

Answer 3

Explanations of crime that emphasize physiological and neurological factors that may predispose a person to commit crimes.

Question 4

What are the types of criminology

Psychological explanations

Answer 4

Explanations of crime that emphasize mental processes and behavior.

Question 5

What are the types of criminology

Sociological Explanations

Answer 5

Explanations of crime that the social conditions that bear on the individual as causes of criminal behavior. This type of criminology believes that criminality results from external factors rather than from inborn influences. Assumes that contact with the social world, as well as such factors as race, age, gender, and income, molds the offenders personality and actions.

Three types makes up this perspective: Social structure theories, social process theories, and social conflict theories.

Examples are poverty leads to crime as a means to survive.

Question 6

Women in crime

Answer 6

Female offenders are less likely to be arrested for any type of offense. They’re more likely to be arrested for larveny/theft than for other offense but still men are more likely to be arrested for the previous mentions.