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Flashcards in Chapter 2 Deck (22)
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1
Q

what is personality

A
  • the overall organization of phychological characteristics-thinking, feeling, and behaving
  • that differentiates us from others and leads us to act consistency across time and situations
  • aka disposition
  • emphasizes individual differences
  • relatively stable
2
Q

traits

A
  • a relatively stable characteristic or quality that may represent a portion of one’s personality; a quality used to explain an individual’s behavior across time
    ex) perfection, neuroticism, extraversion
3
Q

traits are the building blocks of

A

personality

4
Q

personality traits

A

-most traits are normally distributed in a population so most people have moderate levels of any given trait

5
Q

digmans “5 factor model” or “big 5”

A

OCEAN

  1. openess to experience- curiosity, tendency to seek out new experiences
  2. conscientiousness- achievement, striving, self-discipline
  3. extraversion- assertiveness and energetic approach o the world
  4. agreeableness- compliance, positive approach towards others
  5. neuroticism- tension, nervousness, implusiveness, self-consciousness, hostility
6
Q

behaviorists

A

consistent behavior patterns (personailty) develops through reward and punishment

7
Q

social learning theories

A
behavior patterns (personality) develops through inner drives of the person 
ex) goals, beliefs, expectations
8
Q

environment

A

rewards and punishments modelling from others; social environment

9
Q

person situation debate

A

person side of the debate: personality traits lead to stable predictable behavior
situation side of the debate: behavior differs depending on the situation
-neither personality traits nor situations alone are good predictors of behavior

10
Q

the interactonist approach

A

behavior is determined by an interplay between the individual and the situation

  • researchers seek to understand how traits affect behavior in different situations
  • personality is most likely to express itself in situations that are relevant to the person
11
Q

maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A
  • physiological needs
  • safety needs
  • belonging and love needs
  • esteem needs
  • self-actualization
12
Q

personality in sport/exercise

A
  • weak or little evidence can predict:
  • sport performance
  • athletes from non athletes
  • spot preference
  • but personality does interact with other factors
13
Q

is there an exercise personality

A
  • rhodes and smith 92006 meta analysis
  • extraversion; conscientiousness (+)
  • neurotisism (-)
  • no relationship with openess and agreeableness
  • but these relationships are small
14
Q

risk taking/sensation seeking

A
  • risky sports may fulfill a need for excitement among risk-takers
  • risk taking athletes score higher than non- risking taking athletes on
  • emotional stability, conscientiousness, and energy
15
Q

competitiveness

A
  • desire to engage in and strive for success

- competitive people showed more exercise intensity when playing “exer games” when they competed against a competitor

16
Q

athletes score higher than non-athletes on 3 forms of competitiveness

A
  • desire to strive for success
  • focus on winning
  • focus on personal standard
17
Q

perfectionism

A
  • can help or hinder sport and exercise performance, depending on the type of perfection
  • personal standards perfectionism: high personal standards and self-oriented achievement striving
  • evaluative concern perfectionism: involves concern about negative social evaluation
18
Q

perfectionism continued

A

-high personal standards perfectionism + low evaluation concerns perfectionism= lowest burnout
-low personal standards perfectionism+high evaluative concerns perfectionism= highburnout
high+high or low+low = medium

19
Q

mental toughness

A

-personal characteristics that allow people to cope with stress and anxiety while remaining focused on competition demands

20
Q

4 C’s model

A
  • control
  • confidence
  • commitment
  • challenge
21
Q

personality effecting sports

A
  • personality exerts, at most, small impact on sport and exercise behavior, thoughts and emotions
  • little evidence of a distinct athletic or exerciser personality
  • a number of personality traits and characteristics have been associated with exercise behavior, thoughts and emotions but all with small influence
22
Q

how helpful is personality research for increasing performance or exercise levels

A
  • identify at risk people

- match personality to appropriate activities