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URBAN GEOGRAPHY > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Primary Engine of change in cities

A

Economic

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2
Q

Why is the economy the primary engine of change/development in cities?

A

cities developed as central points within economic systems

agrarian, merchant, capital, industrial

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3
Q

Preconditions to urban formation

A

ECOLOGY

TECHNOLOGY

POWER (and social organization)

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4
Q

Civilisation

A

A complex socio-cultural organization that contains formal instrituions and that organizes strangers in a cohesive community under centralized authority

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5
Q

ECOLOGICAL settings crucial in for the development of early cities (5)

A
  • fertile land
  • fixed source of water
  • proximity other resources (minerals/building materials)
  • natural transportation
  • often with defensive attributes (elevated, surrounded by water)
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6
Q

TECHNOLOGICAL advances crucial for the development of early cities (3)

A
  • agricultural technology (to produce a surplus) (irrigation, wheels, tools)
  • transportation and storage of food
  • building technology
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7
Q

SOCIAL ORGANIZATION and POWER crucial for the development of early cities (5)

A
  • social organization to tie people together
  • organization to get food
  • organization to construct and maintain physical aspects
  • organization/power for control over resources
  • marshal the activities of the population
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8
Q

Early cities functioned economically as centers of…

A

extraction and/or redistribution

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9
Q

Main reason for the development of written language

A

for cities to keep track of trade/economic transactions

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10
Q

Primary factors to the emergence of cities (4)

A

AGRICULTURAL SURPLUS

RELIGION

DEFENSIVE NEEDS

TRADING REQUIREMENTS

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11
Q

3 pillars of sustainability

A

ECONOMY

ENVIRONMENT

SOCIAL

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12
Q

World city example

A

London, Tokyo, New York

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13
Q

Along which river did the Sumerian city of Ur lie?

A

Euphrates

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14
Q

Example of a trading/capitalist city

A

Venice

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15
Q

Example of an industrial city

A

England

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16
Q

Earliest cities were located in…

A

Sumeria - 4750 BC (southern Mesopotamia)

Egypt - 3000 BC (Indus Valley)

Northern China - 1500 BC

17
Q

Transformation of cities

A

Ancient

Imperial

Trading/Capitalist

Industrial

Modern

18
Q

Characteristics of ancient cities

A
  • size limited by surplus gathered from hinterland
  • elite compound within the city
  • poor sanitation
  • neighborhoods organized around occupation
19
Q

Characteristics of imperial cities

A
  • larger population (million or more)
  • cities quickly built on acquired land
  • surplus from further away
  • Better materials
20
Q

Industrial cities were the result of

A

Power Supply

Technology

Factory systems

21
Q

in 1842 the average age of a professional living in industrial England was ___ years old

A

25

22
Q

according to the UN, the world’s population is expected to peak at …

A

11.2 billion in 2100

23
Q

95% of urban growth is happening in…

A

The developing world.

24
Q

Sustainability

A

The capacity for human health and well being, economic vitality, prosperity and environmental abundance.

The capacity to the needs of today’s population without compromising the needs of future generations.

25
Q

Resilience

A

The ability of a system to absorb disturbance and reorganize to retain essentially the same function, structure, identity and feedbacks

26
Q

Population to reach 11.2 billion in ____

A

11.2 billion in 2100

27
Q

Sustainable urbanization

A

Represents the objective for:

managing the dynamics of future city development to achieve desirable environmental, social, economic and political-institutional outcome for the long term

28
Q

Sustainable development

A

Should be the subject to the test of whether key aspects of our daily lives and the urban systems within which they play out can be continued indefinitely into the future from a social, environmental, and economic perspective.

29
Q

Exogenous Pressures (4)

A

Resource constraints

Climate Change

Extreme Events

Population Change and Urbanization

30
Q

Endogenous Pressures (4)

A

Vulnerable Infrastructure

Socio-demographic change

Social and human capital

Urban economic base and Urban environmental quality

31
Q

Venice

A

First powerful, global city. Trading/capitalist city

32
Q

Transformation of Cities

A 
Ancient
Imperial
Trading/Capitalist 
Industrial
Modern Cities
33
Q

Example of An Ancient City

A

Ur - a Sumerian city state

34
Q

Industrial Cities arose from

A
  • Changes in power supply
  • Technical improvement - assembly line
  • Shift in production towards factory systems

URBAN GEOGRAPHY (9 decks)

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