Institutional social welfare services
Proactive; In place to prevent problems before they arise
Residual services
Come after there is an identifiable problem
Colonial period
Earliest social welfare system- Elizabethan Poor Laws
Elizabethan poor laws
English system- outlined public’s responsibility for poor
Pre-civil war
Residential institutions
Friedman’s bureau
Provide temporary assistance to newly freed slaves post civil war
Progressive era
Following civil war. Birth social work profession
Pendulum economy
Pendulum swings from strong belief in social responsibility during economic upheaval to emphasis on individual responsibility when economy strong
Great Depression and new deal
Social insurance and public assistance
Permanent involvement of federal government in both provision of social services and regulation of economy. Numerous social welfare systems created
Social security act
First comprehensive federal effort to ensure economic security through Long term protections of social insurance and public assistance
WWII postwar economy
Federal government more involved in economy as managed war effort.
GI Bill
GI Bill
Services readjustment act 1944: funds education, training, employment services, home loans and business loans
Social reform years
Creating medical care- Medicaid and Medicare.
. War on poverty
War on poverty
1960’s series of policies and programs to fight poverty. Economic opportunity act 1964-
Renewed emphasis on social justice fair distribution of resources and opportunities
Food stamps, head start, job training, employment incentives.
Retrenchment Years
1980’s-90’s has backlash against anti poverty programs. Devolution, Welfare Reform 1996. TANF created to replace AFDC. Limit years on welfare. State & local better than feds to control social services
Devolution
Diminished role of federal government in anti poverty programs
Cutbacks and local control
New millennium
War on terror- becomes focus. Great Recession- economis Support through support housing market & TARP (troubled assist release program) for social institutions. Grow inequality between income & wealth.
Affordable care act
War on terror
Economic recovery
Cash assistance
Transfer of money from government to a person in need
TANF
In-kind benefits
Aide in form of tangible items.
SNAP, housing assistance
Entitlements
People guaranteed help if they meet certain criteria. No time limit of that receipt. Social security
Public assistance programs
Mean-tested programs people must be poor to qualify. Medicaid, SNAp, TANF
Private services
Nongovernmental groups. Nonprofit or profit can provide services directly on behalf of government HMO
OASDI
Old age survivors insurance SSDI
Benefits to people who paid while they were working. Provides benefits when retire or become disabled.
Cash assistance program
TANF
Temporary Assistance yo family in need. Cash aide program. Family must fall below poverty line determined by each state.
SSI
Supplemental security income.
Cash assistance for elderly or a person with disability whose income is below poverty line.
Medicare
Health coverage for those eligible to receive OASDI
Department Veterans Affairs
Veteran eligible to receive health services throughout lifetime
Affordable Care Act
Provide health coverage for uninsured because they lack employee-based or government based healthcare.
SNAP
Low income purchase food. Formerly food stamps
Section 8
Privately owned apartments officially designated by local housing authority available to voucher recipients.
Public Housing
Residential units federally built complexes administrated by local authorities
Charity organization society
COS - 1877. Goal is to discover what causes poverty among individuals, eliminate causes therefore ridding society of poverty.
Focused on rehabilitating individuals
Mary Richmond
COS
Settlement Movement
Jane Addams in order to help poor , workers had to live within community and provide services from their dwelling
Jane Addams
Settlement movement
Dr Abraham flexner
1915 challenged social work as profession it lacked unique methodology
Bertha Capes Reynolds
- Progressive social work movement
Progressive social work movement
- Psychoanalytical Tradition emphasis on individual
National counsel on social work
- Define what social work is.
Frumkin & O’Connor
- Profession abandoned working with both clients and the environment and in its place put psychologically orientated view of social work.
Specht & Courtney
1994..social work abandoned the historical mission of social work to embrace psychotherapy and focus totally on individual
Ehrenreich
- Argued historical tension between individual and societal changes is based on values and assumptions- human behavior governed by both individual and social contribution
Crisis intervention vs
ongoing need
Helping who we know vs
Helping strangers
Impartial professional vs
Advocate.
Must know when to speak and what is best to let them step forward
Impartial advocate
Not impose own values on client instead helping them become empowered to advocate for themselves.
Worthiness argument
Determine worthiness ignores social condition
Based Elizabeth Poor Laws
Elizabethan poor laws outline
Poor categorized as worthy or unworthy-poor included widows, orphans, elderly, and disabled-unworthy were able bodied men-aide for poor must first come family than if not aide- legal residency in community to be eligible- assistance is temporary must get work or marry.
Civil war and postwar
First federal intervention