chapter 2

Question 1

chemokines receptors

Answer 1

gpcr

ccr5 and cxcr4 - receptors for hiv also

Question 2

tnf

Answer 2

leukocytes recruitment
thrombogenicity
acute phase reaction
release cxc chemokines

Question 3

interleukin 1

Answer 3

proliferate fibroblasts - increase ECM

acute phase reaction

Question 4

IL-6

Answer 4

increase acute phase proteins

Question 5

acute phase reaction

Answer 5

fever, lethargy, acute phase proteins, cachexia
neutrophils, fall in bp, cyclooxygenase activation

IL-1,6 and tnf

Question 6

cxc chemokines

Answer 6

IL-8

one amino acid separating conserved cysteine

Question 7

cc chemokines

Answer 7

no amino acid between conserved cysteine residues

monocytes chemoattractant proteins 1, macrophages inflammatory protein 1 alpha
stimulate macrophages

RANTES - regulated on activation, normal t cells expressed and released
stimulate macrophages and memory t cells

eotaxins - stimulate eosinophils

Question 8

mediators - cell derived

Answer 8

vasoactive - histamine serotonin
leukotrienes
prostaglandins
lipoxins
chemokines
ROS
Nitric oxides
enzymes
neuropeptides

Question 9

ROS

Answer 9

increase other mediators, adhesion molecules

high levels-
cause injury
protease activation - break down ecm

Question 10

NO

Answer 10

produced by L arginine, oxygen, nadph

enzyme - nos

Question 11

iNOS

Answer 11

induced by IL1, TNF, IFN G

in macrophages and endothelial cells

Question 12

NO

Answer 12

microbicidal
vasodilation
platelet antagonism
reduce leukocytes

Question 13

protease

Answer 13

cleave compliment

produce bradykinin

Question 14

neuropeptides

Answer 14

transmit pain
regulate vessel tone
modulate vascular permeability

Question 15

C3a, 5a

Answer 15

vasodilation

vascular permeability

Question 16

C5a

Answer 16

increase aa metabolism - leukotrienes

Question 17

C5a, 3a, 4a

Answer 17

activation of leukocytes

Question 18

C3b

Answer 18

opsonin

Question 19

MAC

Answer 19

makes pore

Question 20

c1 inhibitor deficiency

Answer 20

angioedema

Question 21

decay accelerating factor

Answer 21

inhibits c3 and c5 convertases

Question 22

paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Answer 22

deficiency of daf

Question 23

factor h

Answer 23

limits convertase

Question 24

hemolytic uremic syndrome

Answer 24

deficiency of factor h

spontaneous vascular permeability

Question 25

complement functions

Answer 25

vascular permeability, vd, leukocytes recruitment,pore - osmotic permeability

Question 26

kallikrein

Answer 26

chemotaxis, bradykinin formation

Question 27

hageman factor

Answer 27

f xii

Question 28

hageman factor

Answer 28

fibrolytic system clotting complement kinin cascade

Question 29

IL 10

Answer 29

negative feedback to macrophages | lipoxins and complement regulatory proteins- antiinflammatory

Question 30

classical macrophages activation

Answer 30

inf g, foreign substances

Question 31

alternative macrophages activation

Answer 31

il4, il13 secrete growth factor - repair/fibrosis

Question 32

role of macrophages

Answer 32

phagocytosis, mediator release

Question 33

large multinucleated giant macrophages cells

Answer 33

induced by inf g

Question 34

Th1

Answer 34

inf g

Question 35

Th2

Answer 35

il - 4,5,13 - alternative macrophages activation

Question 36

caseous necrosis

Answer 36

granular cheesy, eosinophilic

Question 37

sarcoidosis

Answer 37

foreign body granulomas

Question 38

acute phase proteins

Answer 38

c reactive protein, fibrinogen, serum amyloid a

Question 39

acute phase reaction

Answer 39

fever, acute phase proteins, leukocytosis, (sometimes leukopenia), heart rate, bp increase, cutaneous blood flow in to deep vessels - prevent heat loss, chills, perception of being cold, hypothalamus resets temperature settings, anorexia, somnolence, malaise

Question 40

organisation

Answer 40

fibrosis in exudates

Question 41

growth factors

Answer 41

transition of cell into s phase (with help of cyclins)