Chapter 2

Question 1

What is an atom made of?

Answer 1

protons, neutrons and electrons

Question 2

What is a molecule made of?

Answer 2

Atoms that held together by chemical bonds

Question 3

Know the two major types of chemical bonds discussed in class:

Answer 3

1. Ionic Bond

2. Covalent Bond

Question 4

How Does an Ionic Bond Work?

Answer 4

An ionic bond is when electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another and then the atoms are attracted to each other because one is positive and one is negative. (Cations are attracted to Anions)

Question 5

How Does a Covalent Bond Work?

Answer 5

A Covalent bond occurs when atoms share electrons through their valence shells

Question 6

What is the Basic scheme of a chemical reaction?

Answer 6

New bonds form between atoms or existing bonds break

Question 7

What are reactants?

Answer 7

Substances that start a chemical reaction Example: (egg, butter, flour, milk)

Question 8

What are products?

Answer 8

Substances that are produced in the reaction (cake)

Question 9

Know the two types of chemical reactions discussed in class

Answer 9

1. Decomposition

2. Synthesis

Question 10

How Does Decomposition Work?

Answer 10

By breaking a larger molecule into smaller fragments

Question 11

How Does Synthesis Work?

Answer 11

Combining atoms to build larger products. (opposite of decomposition)

Question 12

What are Enzymes?

Answer 12

Functional proteins that help chemical reactions happen and give them the boost they need. They are catalysts. Fuel to the fire.

Question 13

How do Enzymes Work?

Answer 13

Increase the rate of a chemical reaction.

Question 14

What 4 Qualities Make Water Special?

Answer 14

1. Lubrication in body cavities and between joint surfaces
2. Reactivity (chemical reactions can occur in water)
3. High heat capacity (can absorb and retain heat)
4. Solubility (many substances can dissolve in water)

Question 15

What is a Solution?

Answer 15

When the solute and solvent are mixed together (kool-aid)

Question 16

What is a Solute?

Answer 16

The substance to be dissolved

EX: (dry packet of kool-aid mix)

Question 17

What is a Solvent?

Answer 17

The substance doing the dissolving

typically water

Question 18

What Are Electrolytes?

Answer 18

A soluble (able to be dissolved) compound whose ions conduct an electrical current in solution

Question 19

Hydrophilic

Answer 19

Water loving. A Substance that tends to mix with water.

EX: (phosphate head on a phospholipid)

Question 20

Hydrophobic

Answer 20

Water fearing. A substance repels are fails to mix with water
EX: (hydrophobic tail on a phospholipid)

Question 21

pH Correspondence

Answer 21

1. Low pH (less than 7): Acidic
2. 7 = Neutral
3. High pH (above 7): Basic/Alkaline

Question 22

Low pH is_____.

Answer 22

Acidic/Less Than 7

Question 23

High pH is ______.

Answer 23

Basic/Alkaline/Greater Than 7

Question 24

Neutral pH is __.

Answer 24

7

Question 25

The Four Macromolecules

Answer 25

1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids

Question 26

2 Examples of Carbohydrates:

Answer 26

1. Sugar 2. Starch

Question 27

2 Examples of Lipids:

Answer 27

1. Fats 2. Oils

Question 28

1 Examples of A Protein:

Answer 28

Amino Acids

Question 29

2 Nucleic Acids:

Answer 29

1. DNA 2. RNA (adenine)