Chapter 2

Question 1

What is mass?

Answer 1

A measure of the amount of matter that an object obtains (kg)

Question 2

What is volume?

Answer 2

A measure of the space occupied by a sample of matter

Question 3

What is an extensive property?

Answer 3

A property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample

Question 4

What is an intensive property?

Answer 4

A property that depends on the type of matter in a sample, not the amount of matter

Question 5

What is a substance?

Answer 5

Matter that has a uniform and definite composition; either and element or a compound

Question 6

What is a physical property?

Answer 6

A quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the composition

Question 7

Solid

Answer 7

Definite shape and definite volume

Question 8

Liquid

Answer 8

Indefinite shape, definite volume

Question 9

Gas

Answer 9

Indefinite shape, indefinite volume

Takes shape and volume of its container

Question 10

What is the difference between vapor and gas?

Answer 10

Vapor describes the gaseous state of a substance that is usually solid or liquid at room temperature.

Question 11

What can physical changes be classified as?

Answer 11

Reversible or irreversible

Question 12

What is a mixture and how can they be classified?

Answer 12

A physical blend of 2 or more substances not chemically combined.

Heterogeneous or homogeneous

Question 13

What is another name for homogenous mixtures?

Answer 13

A solution (mainly liquids)

Question 14

What is a phase?

Answer 14

Any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties

Question 15

How many phases are in each mixture?

Answer 15

Homogeneous mixtures consist of one phase, heterogeneous mixtures consist of two or more (layers)

Question 16

How can mixtures be separated?

Answer 16

Differences in physical properties can be used to separate mixtures

Question 17

Describe the process of distillation

Answer 17

As a homogeneous mixture is heated, water vapor rises and passes into a tube surrounded by cold water. This cold water cools down the vapor and turns it into distilled water while the non-water particles stay in the distillation flask

Question 18

What is a chemical change?

Answer 18

A change that produces matter with a different compostition

Question 19

How can substance and mixtures be distinguished?

Answer 19

If the composition of a material is fixed, it is a substance. If the compositions may vary it is a mixture.

Question 20

What are periods and groups on the period table?

Answer 20

A period (properties vary) is a horizontal row of elements while a group (similar chem and physical properties) is a vertical row

Question 21

What always happens during a chemical change?

Answer 21

The composition of matter always changes

Question 22

What are the four possible clues a chemical change occurred?

Answer 22

• transfer of energy
• change in color
• production of gas
• formation of a precipitate

Question 23

How are the mass of the reactants and of the products related?

Answer 23

During any chemical reaction, the mass of the products is always equal to the mass of the reactants

Question 24

What is the law of conservation of mass?

Answer 24

In any physical change or chemical reaction, mass is conserved, mass can be neither created nor destroyed