Chapter 2

Question 1

Animism

Answer 1

Belief that living and nonliving objects have a soul/spirit

Question 2

What was the notion of The Enlightenment?

Answer 2

We are NOT the center of the Universe

Question 3

What is often seen as the origin of the American transcendental movement.

Answer 3

The publication of Nature by Ralph Waldo Emerson

Question 4

The founders of the discipline of ecology.

Answer 4

Thoreau Walden

Question 5

What is the genesis of the modern environmental movement?

Answer 5

Man and Nature

Question 6

The Sierra Club / Preservationist

Answer 6

John Muir

Question 7

View that parks and public lands should preserve wild nature in its pristine state.

Answer 7

Preservationist

Question 8

View that public resources should be used and managed in a sustainable fashion to provide the greatest benefit to the greatest number of people.

Answer 8

Conservationist

Question 9

Two issues of particular concern in the modern age:

Answer 9

• The widespread extinction of plant and animal species

- The warming of Earth’s atmosphere

Question 10

Environmental Ethics

Answer 10

Studies the moral relationship of humans to the environment and its nonhuman contents.

Question 11

Virtue ethics

Answer 11

an action is right if it is motivated by virtues, such as kindness, honestly, loyalty, and justice

Question 12

emphasizes the importance of outcomes. Right and wrong are defined in terms of pleasure and pain, benefit or harm, and satisfaction or dissatisfaction.

Answer 12

Consequence-based ethics

Question 13

Intrinsic value

Answer 13

A person, organism, or object valued as an end unto itself

Question 14

Instrumental value

Answer 14

A thing is valued as a means to some other end