Chapter 2 Flashcards
Science
a systematic way to understand the material world and how it works
Fundamentalism
has a religious connotation that indicated unwavering attachment to a set of irreducible beliefs
Endemic
a characteristic or feature that is natural to a given population or environment
Systematics
study of biological relationships over time
Demography
the study of population with regard to birth, survival, and death
Uniformitarianism
theory that processes from the geological past are still at work today
Catastrophism
doctrine asserting that cataclysmic events are responsible for geologic changes throughout history
Lamarckism
evolutionary theory that suggests organisms can pass on characteristics acquired during its lifetime
Evolution
change in the frequency of a gene or trait over time
Adaptation
trait in a specific environment that provides a survival and reproductive advantage
Adaptive Radiation
diversification of ancestral species into new forms because they have adapted to a niche
Mutation
random and spontaneous changes in a gene
Gene Flow
exchange of genetic information through migration and reproduction
Genetic Drift
a random change in the frequency of alleles making 2 groups different (bottleneck and founder)
Natural Selection
selection for or against a trait to increase the chances of survival and reproduction in an environment
Non-random mating
struggle between males for a mate and by females to pick the best mate
Runaway selection
reinforcing the trait endlessly
Costly signalling
trait is selected for so much that it hinders survival
How do the forces of evolution act on variation?
Natural selection: decreases or increases within or between groups
Gene flow: decreases between, increases within
Genetic drift: increases between, decreases within
Mutation: increases within or between
What are the types of selection?
Balancing: selection for best trait
Directional: selection for one extreme
Disruptive: selection for both extremes (divides population)
