Chapter 2

Question 1

2) Which is NOT a goal of the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)?
a) Prescribing what a person should eat each day
b) Prevention of nutrient deficiencies
c) Promotion of healthful eating
d) Reduction of chronic diseases

Answer 1

a) Prescribing what a person should eat each day

Question 2

3) The Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) are estimated to meet the nutrient needs of what percentage of a healthy population group?
a) 33%
b) 50%
c) 75%
d) 97-98%

Answer 2

d) 97-98%

Question 3

4) The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for a selected nutrient would meet the needs of approximately what percentage of individuals in a population?
a) 33%
b) 50%
c) 75%
d) 99%

Answer 3

b) 50%

Question 4

5) Which is TRUE regarding Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs)?
a) For some groups, there is an established benefit of consuming nutrients at this level.
b) It is a not a recommended level for consumption.
c) Consuming nutrients at this level will probably cause adverse health effects.
d) The UL is set at the level of intake that causes adverse effects in 5% of the population .

Answer 4

b) It is a not a recommended level for consumption.

Question 5

6) Which is the FALSE statement regarding RDAs?
a) RDAs recommend amounts of nutrients that can serve as a goal for individual intake.
b) The RDAs are one component of the DRIs.
c) The EARs are derived from the RDAs.
d) RDAs are often used in menu planning.

Answer 5

c) The EARs are derived from the RDAs.

Question 6

7) Which would most likely be used to plan menus for a school breakfast and lunch program?
a) AIs
b) DRVs
c) RDAs
d) ULs

Answer 6

c) RDAs

Question 7

8) Which is NOT included in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?
a) Limit your intake of saturated fat, cholesterol, and trans fat.
b) Limit consumption of foods containing refined grains and added sugars.
c) Exercise three times a week.
d) Balance calories to maintain weight.

Answer 7

c) Exercise three times a week.

Question 8

9) The purpose of the AMDRs is to:
a) make recommendations for the proportions of fats, carbohydrates and proteins that make up a healthy diet.
b) inform people how to choose from all the different food groups.
c) allow individuals to calculate their energy needs and to determine how their diet meets these needs.
d) encourage individuals to make healthy food choices.

Answer 8

a) make recommendations for the proportions of fats, carbohydrates and proteins that make up a healthy diet.

Question 9

10) The variables used to calculate Estimated Energy Requirements include:
a) age, BMI, weight and gender.
b) age, gender, weight, height, and physical activity level.
c) physical activity level, gender and BMI.
d) gender, age, weight, physical activity level and proportions of kcals consumed as fats.

Answer 9

b) age, gender, weight, height, and physical activity level.

Question 10

12) The nutritional analysis of a diet that follows The MyPlate recommendations would most closely resemble which DRI group?
a) EARs
b) RDAs
c) AIs
d) ULs

Answer 10

b) RDAs

Question 11

13) Which is typically not found on a Nutrition Facts label?
a) Calories from fat
b) Calories per serving as compared to comparable products
c) Percent daily values for key nutrients
d) Serving size

Answer 11

b) Calories per serving as compared to comparable products

Question 12

14) A healthy eating pattern emphasizes all of the following EXCEPT:
a) nutrient-dense foods.
b) medium amounts of high protein foods.
c) consuming more oils than solid fats.
d) eating 3 servings of foods containing refined grains per day.

Answer 12

d) eating 3 servings of foods containing refined grains per day.

Question 13

15) Which is the FALSE statement regarding the MyPlate guidelines?
a) No matter your caloric requirements, MyPlate can be effectively used as a guide for eating.
b) MyPlate Daily Food Plan does NOT include recommendations for physical activity.
c) The amount of the plate covered by each food group is proportional to the amount each group should contribute to a healthy diet.
d) MyPlate emphasizes proportionality, variety, moderation and nutrient density.

Answer 13

b) MyPlate Daily Food Plan does NOT include recommendations for physical activity.

Question 14

16) How is the order in which ingredients are listed on a food label determined?
a) By contribution to total weight
b) By contribution to total volume
c) By nutrient density
d) In alphabetical order

Answer 14

a) By contribution to total weight

Question 15

17) Which of the following is NOT an authorized health claim associating intake with a health consequence?
a) Soluble fiber and coronary heart disease
b) Dietary fat and cancer risk
c) Sodium intake and blood pressure
d) Vitamin A intake and risk of cataracts

Answer 15

d) Vitamin A intake and risk of cataracts

Question 16

18) Which is the least logical use of information from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)?
a) Determining priorities for funding government health programs
b) Determining effectiveness of existing programs
c) Establishing daily requirements for major nutrients in selected population groups
d) Planning public policy and goals

Answer 16

c) Establishing daily requirements for major nutrients in selected population groups

Question 17

19) A system that scores the average American diet is the:
a) Dietary Guidelines.
b) Food Guide Pyramid.
c) Exchange List.
d) Healthy Eating Index.

Answer 17

d) Healthy Eating Index.

Question 18

20) Which of the following methods is MOST likely to provide accurate information about what a person typically eats?
a) A computerized food frequency questionnaire
b) A 3-day food record that includes a weekend day kept by the individual
c) Analyzing all grocery store and restaurant receipts kept over a 60 day time period
d) A diet history that includes a 24 hour recall and a food frequency questionnaire

Answer 18

d) A diet history that includes a 24 hour recall and a food frequency questionnaire

Question 19

21) A question such as “Who does the grocery shopping in your house?” would most appropriately be included in a:
a) 24-hour recall.
b) diet history.
c) food frequency questionnaire.
d) food record.

Answer 19

b) diet history.

Question 20

23) Which is NOT an anthropometric measurement?
a) Blood glucose level
b) Height
c) Weight in kilograms
d) Wrist circumference

Answer 20

a) Blood glucose level

Question 21

25) Which of the following statements about the assessment of food intake is FALSE?
a) Food frequency questionnaires do not give specific information about an individual’s food intake.
b) Food records are reliable but individuals may change their usual intake while recording his or her intake.
c) The most common error made in reporting food intake is to overestimate portion sizes.
d) Food intake records should include one weekend day for greatest accuracy.

Answer 21

c) The most common error made in reporting food intake is to overestimate portion sizes.

Question 22

26) Nutrition Facts labels include information about which vitamins?
a) A & C
b) A & E
c) A & D
d) C & D

Answer 22

a) A & C

Question 23

27) Nutrition Facts labels contain information about which minerals?
a) Calcium and iron
b) Calcium and zinc
c) Iron and magnesium
d) Iron and zinc

Answer 23

a) Calcium and iron

Question 24

28) The descriptor, Healthy, can legally be used on a food product when the product contains adequate levels of at least one selected nutrient and is low in:
a) fat, saturated fat, sodium, and cholesterol.
b) fat, fiber and protein.
c) fat, sugar and cholesterol.
d) fat, sodium and protein.

Answer 24

a) fat, saturated fat, sodium, and cholesterol.

Question 25

29) Exchange lists:
a) are the basis of MyPlate.
b) group foods according to macronutrient and energy content.
c) simplify MyPlate for the general population.
d) were first developed to help people lose weight.

Answer 25

b) group foods according to macronutrient and energy content.

Question 26

30) Which of the following is true regarding the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010?
a) Recommendations are made for specific amounts of individual nutrients.
b) The DGA 2010 is based on the DRIs.
c) They are intended to promote health and reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity and the risk of chronic disease.
d) These recommendations are designed for Americans 19 years and older.

Answer 26

c) They are intended to promote health and reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity and the risk of chronic disease.

Question 27

31) ____________ are used when not enough information is available to establish an EAR for a particular nutrient.
a) AIs
b) DRIs
c) RDAs
d) ULs

Answer 27

a) AIs

Question 28

36) A complete nutritional assessment would include all of the following EXCEPT:
a) laboratory measurements.
b) past and present dietary intake information.
c) setting nutritional goals.
d) anthropometric measurements.

Answer 28

c) setting nutritional goals.

Question 29

38) Tolerable Upper Intake Levels are most likely to be exceeded when:
a) large quantities of food are consumed by highly trained athletes.
b) people are recovering from surgery and need more kcalories.
c) dietary supplements are taken.
d) people eat meat from wild game animals.

Answer 29

c) dietary supplements are taken.

Question 30

41) Which of the following is true regarding “qualified” health claims?
a) They result from significant scientific agreement.
b) They must be accompanied by a statement of explanation.
c) Their use on food labels does not require FDA approval.
d) They can only be used on dietary supplements.

Answer 30

b) They must be accompanied by a statement of explanation.

Question 31

42) A food frequency questionnaire reveals that an individual has very low energy intake. What other information would be needed before a diagnosis of malnutrition could be made?
a) Anthropometric measurements
b) Medical history
c) Physical exam
d) All of these analyses would be required.

Answer 31

d) All of these analyses would be required.

Question 32

43) Which statement about dietary supplements is true?
a) The label must include all the ingredients in the dietary supplement.
b) All dietary supplements are produced according to the same strict laws that govern drug manufacturing.
c) All dietary supplements must be approved by the FDA to ensure safety and effectiveness.
d) Dietary supplements cannot be removed from the market once they are introduced.

Answer 32

a) The label must include all the ingredients in the dietary supplement.

Question 33

44) Which of the following statements is true about the Daily Values standards?
a) DVs help consumers know if a food is a good source of a particular nutrient.
b) A DV of 5% or less on a food label indicates that the food is low in that nutrient.
c) The DVs may overestimate nutrient needs for some populations but they would never underestimate the requirements for any group.
d) All of these statements are true.

Answer 33

d) All of these statements are true.

Question 34

45) Which statement about proportionality is true?
a) Proportionality means we need to eat more of some types of foods than others.
b) Proportionality is represented by the area covered on the MyPlate logo.
c) Proportionality indicates that grains, vegetables, fruits and dairy are the groups from which to eat the most foods.
d) All of these statements are true.

Answer 34

d) All of these statements are true.

Question 35

46) The recommendation of moderation in healthy diets:
a) means limiting portion sizes and choosing nutrient-dense foods.
b) means choosing nutrient dense foods as often as energy-dense foods.
c) relates to consuming moderate amounts of complex carbohydrates.
d) All of these statements are true.

Answer 35

a) means limiting portion sizes and choosing nutrient-dense foods.

Question 36

48) Which of the following is true of structure/function claims?
a) FDA approval is required.
b) They do NOT have to be accompanied by a disclaimer.
c) Some describe a benefit in relation to a nutrient-deficiency disease.
d) Common examples are “high fiber and “fat free”.

Answer 36

c) Some describe a benefit in relation to a nutrient-deficiency disease.

Question 37

49) The amount of a nutrient estimated to meet the needs of 50% of people in the same gender and life stage group is the:
a) EAR.
b) RAE.
c) AI.
d) RDA.

Answer 37

a) EAR.

Question 38

52) The MyPlate plan separates foods into groups to help Americans apply the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines to their individual diets. These groups are:
a) milk, meat, grains, fruits & vegetables and legumes.
b) meat, milk, beans & nuts, grains and fruits & vegetables.
c) fruits, vegetables, grains, protein foods and dairy.
d) grains, vegetables, fruits, dairy and meat, beans & nuts.

Answer 38

c) fruits, vegetables, grains, protein foods and dairy.