Chapter 2 Flashcards
(31 cards)
The cell is the smallest structural and functional unit capable of carrying
out life processes.
o The functional activities of each cell depend on the specific structural
properties of the cell.
o Cells are the living building blocks of all plant and animal organisms.
o An organism’s structure and function ultimately depend on the individual
and collective structural characteristics and functional capabilities of its
cells.
o All new cells and new life arise only from preexisting cells.
o Because of this continuity of life, the cells of all organisms are
fundamentally similar in structure and function
Cell theory
is a fluid, lipid bilayer that encloses each cell
Plasma membrane
The fluid inside the
cell
ICF
fluid surrounding the cell is
ECF
Made up of two components
plasma, the fluid portion of the blood; and
interstitial fluid, which surrounds and bathes the cells
typically the largest organized cell component. Can be seen as a distinct
spherical or oval structure, usually located near the center of the cell
Nucleus
Separated the nucleus from the cytoplasm
Nuclear Envelope
allow necessary traffic to move between the nucleus and the cytoplasm
Nuclear Pores
the cell’s genetic material. Has two important functions:
(1) directing protein synthesis and (2) serving as a genetic “blueprint” during cell
replication.
DNA
provides codes, or “instructions,” for directing synthesis of specific
structural and enzymatic proteins within the cell
DNA
plays a role in cell protein synthesis
RNA
molecule that transcribes DNA’s genetic code for a particular
protein
Mrna
an essential component of ribosomes
rRNA
transfers the appropriate amino acids within the cytoplasm to
their designated site in the protein under construction
tRNA
Definecytoplasm,anddescribeitscompositionandfunctions
cytoplasm is everything inside the plasma membrane, excluding the nucleus. It
includes the cytosol, organelles, and the cytoskeleton. The cytosol is a semi-fluid medium
in which many biochemical events occur. In the cytosol, water holds carbohydrates,
lipids, proteins, and many inorganic molecules in solution or as colloids. The
cytoskeleton is a protein network consisting of microfilaments, intermediate filaments,
and microtubules (or protein filaments). These give shape, structure, and support to the
cell, and are also involved in cell movement, organelle dynamics, and the positioning of
chromosomes during cell division.
that portion of the cell interior not occupied by the nucleus.
Cytoplasm
Contains a number of distinct, highly organized, membrane-enclosed structures –
the organelles(“little organs”) – dispersed within the cytosol, which is a complex
gel-like liquid
Cytoplasm
made up of a semiliquid, gel-like mass laced with an elaborate
protein network known as the cytoskeleton
Cytosol
is a continuous, membranous organelle with many
channels. The Golgi complex consists of several stacked, compressed membranous sacs,
which package secretory vesicles for release by exocytosis
ER
is a series of flattened pouches that are
continuous with the nuclear membrane.
Rough ER
It is the site of synthesis of proteins and lipids
destined for the cell membrane and secretion
Rough ER
has many
functions, including the storage, detoxification, and packaging of proteins from the rough
ER.
Smooth ER
Explain the role of the Golgi complex in the process of exocytosis.
The stacked membranes of the Golgi complex receive raw protein from the ER and
modify it into its final form
are about 200 times as large as transport vesicles
Secretory Vesicles
