Chapter 9

Question 1

steps involved in the process of sensation?

Answer 1

• Stimulation of the sensory receptor (associated with afferent neuron)
• Transduction of the stimulus ( Converts energy in the stimulus to graded potential)
• Generation of action potentials (triggering one or more action potential)
• Integration of sensory input

Question 2

• Transduction of the stimulus

Answer 2

is a change in mem-brane potential that causes the membrane to become either depolarized or hyperpolarized

Question 3

Types of sensory receptors

Answer 3

Mechanoreceptors 
Thermoreceptors
Photoreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Nociceptors

Question 4

are sensitive to mechanical stimuli such as the deformation, stretching, or bending of cells.

Answer 4

Mechanoreceptors

Question 5

detect light that strikes the retina of the eye

Answer 5

Photoreceptors

Question 6

detect chemicals in the mouth (taste), nose (smell), and body fl uids.

Answer 6

Chemoreceptors

Question 7

respond to painful stimuli resulting from physical or chemical damage to tissues

Answer 7

Nociceptors

Question 8

_____ of sensory neurons serve as sensory receptors, they may be encapsulated

Answer 8

Peripheral Endings

Question 9

2 types of Peripheral Endings

Answer 9

• Encapsulated nerve ending

- Free nerve ending

Question 10

Synapses with sensory receptors

Answer 10

Separate cells

Question 11

During transduction, a sensory receptor responds to a stimulus by generating a graded potential. Th e graded potential that forms in a sen-sory receptor is referred to as

Answer 11

Receptor potential

Question 12

the ______ of a sensory neuron can be defined as the stimulated physical area, specific group of chemicals, or particular set of sound frequencies that causes a response in that neuron

Answer 12

receptive field

Question 13

_____ the use of organizational and functional features of the nervous system to represent specific details about a stimulus.

Answer 13

Sensory Coding

Question 14

Each unique type of sensation- such as touch, pain, vision or hearing is called:

Answer 14

Modality

Question 15

The neural pathways that convey information about modality from peripheral receptors to specific regions of the cerebral cortex are called

Answer 15

Labeled Lines

Question 16

The association of a modality with the activation of a particular labeled line is called

Answer 16

Labeled Line coding

Question 17

For somatic sensations and vision, _____ is encoded by the location of the activated receptive field.

Answer 17

Stimulus Location

Question 18

is sharpness of perception—in other words, the ability to precisely locate and distinguish one stimulus from another.

Answer 18

Acuity

Question 19

The smaller the receptive field, the more densely packed it is with sensory receptors and the ___its acuity.

Answer 19

greater

Question 20

the ability to perceive two points applied to the skin as two separate points.

Answer 20

Two-point discrimination

Question 21

the minimum distance at which the two caliper points are perceived as two separate points of touch.

Answer 21

Two-point discrimination threshold

Question 22

refers to the capacity of excited neurons to reduce the activity of their neighbors.

Answer 22

Lateral Inhibition

Question 23

is encoded by 2 main factors: (1) the frequency of action potentials generated in response to the stimulus and (2) the number of sensory receptors activated by the stimulus.

Answer 23

stimulus intensity

Question 24

The use of action potential frequency to determine stimulus intensity is known as

Answer 24

frequency coding