Chapter 2 Flashcards
(31 cards)
Which two main senses are society used in?
- general term for the body of institutions and relationships within which a relatively large group of people live
- abstract term for the conditions in which such relationships are formed
Which three senses are culture used in?
- variant of the agricultural term of culture. The tending of something such as crops/animals. transferred to humans.
- Centres on the works and practices that are the focus of this process of development, ex. painting, sculpture, etc.
- Roots are in anthropology. Indicates a particular way of life, whether of a people, a period, a group, or humanity in general
What are considered high cultural forms of art?
Fine arts such as symphonies, ballet, literature, etc. This art form is seen as ‘elitist’ and more superior than any other kind of culture
What are considered folk culture?
traditional or ethnic practices
How is media involved in society + culture?
Media are a key vehicle in which we share, understand, and enjoy our relationships within society and culture
Why is government regulation important in Canadian media?
foreign media may overrun local or national media, for ex. cost to screen American produced films and tv is cheaper than Canadian produced films. Another reason is because the more Canadians consume foreign media products, the more intrigued they would be about foreign cultures and societies rather than their own.
Who invented the printing press?
Johannes Gutenberg in 1454
Describe the Renaissance era?
social order where people followed a powerful church and monarch. It was also during this time where learning and literature were revived from when it was suppressed during the Middle Ages. Allowed to reorient social perspectives concerning the place of humankind.
What is humanism?
Philosophy that came after the Renaissance. Celebrated human achievement and encouraged an empirical (understanding the world through individual observation and experiences) understanding of the world. Allowed people to understand the world beyond what the church taught them.
What was the dominant ideology during European history during the renaissance?
the world was ordered by a divine being and that knowledge of the world came from God or through his followers on Earth, such as the pope and priests.
How was social class assigned during the renaissance?
Feudal system. Social class and responsibilities were inherited by birth depending on who your family was. Aristocrats and royalty governed according to the dcotrine of divine right
Describe the Enlightenment aka the Age of Reason
humanism combined with logic and empiricism. It was an intellectual and scientific approach on the world. Contrasted the feudal system and its ideologies.
When did industry begin to dominate Western Europe?
In the late eighteenth centuries
How did the industrial revolution affect people living in rural areas?
Landlords were turning their land to commerical agriculture causing those who used the land for their own livelihoods to migrate into cities or developing colonies. Many families were being separated to look for jobs in urban factories.
How did media impact people during the industrial revolution?
New forms of media were being released such as the telegraph, newspapers, etc. This helped the separated families in using media to close the social and geographical distances between each other.
How did Industrial production complicate social relationships?
Redrew family life where extended family may not live together or close together anymore. The ‘nuclear’ or more mainstream family is a more flexible form of social organization that could be moved from place to place because of work. Work in rural settings were also complicated because those working on farms had to adjust their lifestyle to seasonal cycles of agriculture.
How did the telegraph benefit government and manufacturers?
Since the telegraph enhanced communication effeciently across vast distances, it allowed governments to respond to events and act accordingly and for manufacturers to order raw materials from suppliers across the globe.
When newspapers began to gain popularity in Canada, how were they different?
Newspapers back then were funded by government and therefore presented political ideas and political parties.
What is the fourth estate?
in reference to the press. It means that the press played a role as a political watchdog that guarded the rights of citizens through reporting alongside other ‘estates’ or institutions of social governance.
Which two senses is fake news referred as?
- describes particular news items that are totally fabricated to undermine a political enemy or de-legitmiate an idea.
- describe particular news outlets that a politician or political party sees as undermining the general image or message they would like to portray to society.
What are the four perspectives on media and society?
libertarian theory, social responsibility, mass society thesis, and the critical political economy
Describe the Libertarian Theory
idea that individual freedom is the first and foremost social goal to be sought. Suspicious of state and government regulation, believing that limiting their powers will be of an advantage for all. They see media as freedom of expression for citizens and should not be interfered with by the government.
What is one of the main problems with the libertarian theory and beliefs?
It is so focused on the importance of freedom of speech/expression that they do not consider the corporate sector promoting their own interests (profits) over the interest of the public.
Describe the Social Responsibility Theory
concern that media companies were not following the principles that the libertarian theory claimed they did. Therefore it was believed that newspaper operations should be guided by self-regulating specific principles, rather than government. However they still believe in its abilities to promote democracy and independence from government institutions.
