Chapter 2 (All) - Materials Flashcards
(59 cards)
A substance that is made up of just one type of atom is referred to as
Element
A substance that is made up of different types of atoms is known as
Compound
Atoms are made up of smaller particles known as subatomic particles - there are three types what are they
protons, neutrons and electrons
subatomic particles create a cluster at the centre of an atom, this is known as
nucleus
What is a proton
A subatomic particle located in the nucleus with a positive electric charge (equal to that of an electron)
What is an neutron
A subatomic particle located in the nucleus which has no electric charge but has the same mass as a proton
What is an electron
A subatomic particle located in nucleus with a negative charge.
What is an Electron cloud
As electrons are smaller and move quite fast to form an electron cloud that surround the nucleus
What is an Ion
An atom or a molecule where the total number of electrons is not equal to protons therefore giving the atom or molecule a positive or negative charge
What is atomic number
The number of protons or electrons found in an atom.
If a atom was neutral the number would be even. The higher the atomic number the heavier the atom.
The number of protons in an atom is the atomic number. The number of protons plus neutrons is called the mass number
Large grid like structure of atoms or ion in which each particle is bonded to neighbouring atoms
crystal Lattices
What is a cation
an ion that has fewer electrons than protons and is positively charged
What is an anion
an ion that has more electrons that protons and is negatively charged
Name the force that attracts electrons to the nucleus
electro magnetic force
name the force that makes protons repel each other
electro magnetism repulsion
what force holds protons together in the nucleus
nuclear force
Rutherford experiment
discovered the nucleus only takes up a small part of the atom. The atoms was mostly made up of empty space with a positively charged nucleus.
shot a beam through a sheet of gold foil. revealing most particles passed through the foil, although some bounced back.
The periodic table is a list of elements arranged in order of their atomic number.
How many are there
118
Metal (are elements) what 3 things and describe
LUSTROUS: shine when polished
MALLEABLE: bent into new shapes without breaking
DUCTILE: stretched into wires
What is an Alloy
Is a mixture of a base metal with another element. By mixing with another element makes properties better eg stronger
Name some uses of pure / base metals
Great electrical conductors (ALUMINIUM)
Are malleable - hammered into new shapes (LEAD)
Ductile - stretched into long wires (COPPER)
Thermal conductors (heat can pass through them)
Lustrous: shine when polished
Name some Alloys and uses
Brass : hinges, ships, instrument
good appearance, less corrosion and stronger
than pure metal copper
Duralumin: aircraft frames
very light and stronger than pure metal
aluminium.
What is the measure of pure gold
Carat Scale
With pure gold being measured at 24 Carat
A Metalloid have a metallic appearance but chemically are more like non-metals, they are semi-conductors. they can form alloys with metals….give 3 examples
Boron, Silicon and Germanium
