Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Osteology > Chapter 2-Anatomical Terminology > Flashcards

Chapter 2-Anatomical Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Standard Anatomical Position

A

human stands, looking forward, feet together and pointing forward, arms alongside the trunk with palms facing forward and thumbs pointing away from the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

axial skeleton

A

bones of the trunk including vertebrae, sacrum, ribs, and sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

bones of limbs including the shoulder and pelvic girdles, and hands and feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

sagittal/midsagittal/median/midline

A

divides the body into symmetrical right and left halves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

parasagittal section

A

any planar slice through the body that parallels the sagittal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

coronal/frontal plane

A

passes through the bregma and divides the body into anterior and posterior halves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

paracoronal section

A

any planar slice through the body that parallels the coronal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

transverse/horizontal plane

A

slices the body at any height but always passes perpendicular to sagittal and frontal planes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

hominid

A

zoological family of primates to which humans and their immediate ancestors and near-relatives belong

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

orthograde

A

trunk upright

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

pronograde

A

trunk horizontal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

superior

A

toward the head of the hominid body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cephalic/cranial

A

synonymous with superior, can also be used for quadrupeds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

inferior

A

body parts away from the head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

caudal

A

toward the tail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

anterior

A

toward the front of the hominid body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ventral

A

toward the belly, “anterior” for quadrupeds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

posterior

A

toward the back of the individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

dorsal

A

“posterior” (toward the back) for quadrupeds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

medial

A

toward the midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

lateral

A

away from the midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

proximal

A

nearest the axial skeleton, usually used for limb bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

distal

A

farthest from the axial skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

external

A

closer to the surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

internal

A

deeper inside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

extrinsic

A

external to that which it acts upon

i.e. flexor pollicis longus, a muscle that flexes the thumb, is considered an extrinsic hand muscle because the belly of the muscle is found deep in the forearm rather than the hand itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

intrinsic

A

internal to that which it acts upon

i. e. flexor pollicis brevis is considered an intrinsic hand muscle because it is located entirely in the hand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

endocranial

A

inner surface of cranial vault

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

ectocranial

A

outer surface of cranial vault

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

superficial

A

closer to the surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

subcutaneous

A

just beneath the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

palmar

A

palm side of the hand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

plantar

A

sole of the foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

volar

A

refers to both palmar and planter, “hollow” of feet and hands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

dorsal

A

top of foot or back of hand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

mesial

A

toward the midline point of the dental arch where the central incisors contact each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

distal (teeth)

A

opposite of mesial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

lingual

A

toward the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

labial

A

towards the lips

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

buccal

A

toward the cheeks, usually reserved for premolars and molars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

interproximal

A

area of tooth in contact with adjacent tooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

occlusal

A

facing the opposing dental arch, usually the chewing surface of each tooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

apical

A

at or towards the tip of the root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

cervical

A

at, around, or pertaining to either the neck proper or to any number of anatomical constrictions referred to as “neck” or “cervix”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

neck proper

A

portion of body between head and shoulders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

incisal

A

biting or occlusal edge of the incisors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

mesiodistal

A

axis running from mesial to distal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

buccolingual/labiolingual

A

axis running from labial or buccal to lingual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

origin (muscle)

A

less mobile attachment point anchoring muscle to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

insertion (muscle)

A

site of muscle attachment with relatively more movement than the origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

flexion

A

generally, a bending movement that decreases the angle between body parts. by convention, flexion at the shoulder/hip joint refers to a ventral movement of the limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

extension

A

straightening movement increasing angle between body parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

abduction

A

movement of a body part (limb usually) away from sagittal plane. for fingers/toes, movement of the digit away from midline of hand/foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

adduction

A

movement of body part (limb usually) towards sagittal plane. for fingers/toes, closing the digits.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

circumduction

A

a combination of abduction, adduction, flexion, and extension resulting in appendage being moved in cone-shaped path

I. e. driver signaling someone to pass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

rotation

A

motion that occurs as one body part turns on an axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

opposition

A

motion in which body parts are brought together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

pronation

A

rotary motion of forearm, turns palm from anteriorly facing (thumb lateral) to posteriorly facing (thumb medial)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

supination

A

rotary motion of forearm returning palm to position where thumb is lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

dorsiflexion

A

flexion of anterior portion of foot away from ground

61
Q

plantarflexion/volarflexion

A

flexing the anterior portion of the foot inferiorly toward the ground at the ankle

62
Q

eversion/pronation of the foot

A

turning the sole of the foot outward so that it faces away from the midline of the body

63
Q

malleous

A

rounded protuberance adjacent to the ankle joint

64
Q

boss

A

smooth, round, broad eminence

65
Q

articulation

A

area where adjacent bones are in contact via cartilage or fibrous tissue at a joint

66
Q

condoyle

A

rounded articular process

67
Q

epicondyle

A

nonarticular projection adjacent to a condyle

68
Q

head

A

a large, rounded, usually articular end of a bone

69
Q

shaft/diaphysis (pl. diaphyses)

A

long, straight section between ends of a long bone

70
Q

epiphysis

A

usually the end portion or extremity of a long bone expanded for articulation

71
Q

neck

A

section of bone between head and shaft

72
Q

torus (pl. tori)

A

bony thickening

73
Q

ridge

A

linear bony elevation, often roughened

74
Q

crest

A

a prominent, usually sharp and thin ridge of bone; often formed between adjacent muscle masses

75
Q

line

A

raised linear surface, not as thick as a torus or as sharp as a crest

76
Q

hamulus

A

hook-shaped projection

77
Q

facet

A

small articular surface on bone, or tooth-to-tooth contact

78
Q

ramus (pl. rami)

A

a branch

79
Q

fossa (pl. fossae)

A

a depressed area, usually broad and shallow

80
Q

fovea (pl. foveae)

A

pit-like, depressed area usually smaller than a fossa

81
Q

groove

A

long pit or furrow

82
Q

sulcus

A

long, wide groove

83
Q

fontanelle

A

space between cranial bones of an infant

84
Q

suture

A

where adjacent bones of the skull articulate

85
Q

foramen (pl. foramina)

A

opening through a bone, usually a passage for blood vessels and nerves

86
Q

canal

A

tunnel-like passage, usually extending from a foramen

87
Q

canaliculus (pl. canaliculi)

A

very small passage or duct

88
Q

meatus

A

short, wide canal

89
Q

sinus

A

cavity within cranial bone

90
Q

alveolus

A

tooth socket

91
Q

allo-

A

other or different

92
Q

apo-

A

separate, apart, away from, detached

93
Q

brachi-, brachio-, -brachial

A

of, or relating to the arm, specifically the upper arm

94
Q

brachy-

A

short

95
Q

-cep, -ceps

A

head or heads

96
Q

chondro-, -chondro-

A

cartilage or cartilaginous

97
Q

cost-, -costal

A

related to a rib or ribs

98
Q

cyt-, -cyte, or -cytic

A

a mature cell

99
Q

dia-

A

across, through, or apart

100
Q

dis-

A

undoing, removal, reversal, or absence

101
Q

epi-

A

at, upon, close to, adjacent, above, or in addition

102
Q

infra-

A

below or beneath

103
Q

-itis

A

denotes inflammatory disease

104
Q

lacri-, lacry-

A

of, belonging to, or related to tears

105
Q

meta-

A

between or with

106
Q

-oma (pl. omata)

A

growth or tumor

107
Q

peri-

A

near or around, about

108
Q

-physis (pl. -physes)

A

growth, projection, protuberance

109
Q

-phyte

A

pathological outgrowth

110
Q

platy-

A

broad and flat

111
Q

retro-

A

having a location behind

112
Q

splanchno-

A

related to the viscera or internal organs

113
Q

-stitial

A

related to a place where something stands

114
Q

-topic

A

place or usual location

115
Q

-trophy

A

maintenance, nourishment

116
Q

zygo-

A

denoting a joining or pairing

117
Q

antebrachial

A

of, belonging to, or related to the forearm

118
Q

antecubital

A

of, belonging to, or related to the front of the elbow

119
Q

axillary

A

of, belonging to, or related to the armpit

120
Q

buccal

A

of, belonging to, or related to the cheek

121
Q

carpal

A

of, belonging to, or related to the wrist

122
Q

cephalic

A

of, belonging to, or related to the head

123
Q

cervical

A

of, belonging to, or related to the neck

124
Q

cnemial

A

of, belonging to, or related to the shin or tibia

125
Q

costal

A

of, belonging to, or related to the ribs

126
Q

coxal

A

of, belong to, or related to the pelvis, hip, or hip joint

127
Q

crural

A

of, belonging to, or related to the leg, specifically the lower leg or calf

128
Q

cubital

A

of, belonging to, or related to the elbow

129
Q

cutaneous

A

of, belonging to, or related to the skin

130
Q

dermal

A

of, belonging to, or related to the skin

131
Q

digital

A

of, belonging to, or related to the fingers or toes

132
Q

dorsal

A

of, belonging to, or related to the back

133
Q

femoral

A

of, belonging to, or related to the leg, specifically the thigh or upper leg

134
Q

glossal

A

of, belonging to, or related to the tongue

135
Q

hallucial

A

of, belonging to, or related to the big toe

136
Q

lingual

A

of, belonging to, or related to the tongue

137
Q

lumber

A

of, belonging to, or related to the loin or loyal back

138
Q

manual

A

of, belonging to, or related to the hand

139
Q

mental

A

of, belonging to, or related to the chin

140
Q

nuchal

A

of, belonging to, or related to the nape, or back of the neck

141
Q

orbital

A

of, belonging to, or related to the eye socket

142
Q

patellar

A

of, belonging to, or related to the front of the knee

143
Q

pedal

A

of, belonging to, or related to the foot

144
Q

pollical

A

of, belonging to, or related to the thumb

145
Q

popliteal

A

of, belonging to, or related to the back of the knee

146
Q

tarsal

A

of, belonging to, or related to the ankle

147
Q

temporal

A

of, belonging to, or related to the temples

148
Q

thoracic

A

of, belonging to, or related to the chest

149
Q

vascular

A

of, belonging to, or related to (usually blood) vessels

Osteology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions