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Osteology > Chapter 4-Skull > Flashcards

Chapter 4-Skull Flashcards

1
Q

anterior nasal aperture/piriform aperture

A

hole between and below orbits

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2
Q

external acoustic meati (single: meatus)

A

ear holes

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3
Q

There are___bones in the complete adult human skull.

A

28

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4
Q

inca bone

A

an extra large, triangular bone occasionally found at the rear of the human cranium

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5
Q

sutural bones/Wormian bones/extrasutural bones

A

irregular ossicles occurring along some sutures

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6
Q

The modern human skeleton is evolved from two kinds of bone: ___bone and ______-________ bone.

A

dermal; cartilage-replacement

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7
Q

metopic/frontal suture

A

passes between unfused frontal halves, only rarely persists into adulthood

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8
Q

coronal suture

A

lies between frontal and parietals

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9
Q

lambdoid/lambdoidal suture

A

passes between the two parietals and the occipital

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10
Q

squamous sutures

A

unusual, scale-like, beveled sutures between temporal and parietal bones

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11
Q

basiliar suture

A

between sphenoid and occipital

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12
Q

sphenooccipital synchondrosis

A

name of basiliar suture before fusion

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13
Q

parietomastoid sutures

A

pass between parietals and temporals, making up posterior extensions of the squamous suture

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14
Q

occipitomastoid sutures

A

pass between occipital and temporals on either side of vault

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15
Q

synchondroses

A

semi-rigid joints made with hyaline cartilage, often preforming sutures

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16
Q

syndesmoses

A

rigid ligamentous joings

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17
Q

sphenopetrosal synchondrosis

A

precedes sphenotemporal suture

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18
Q

petrooccipital synchondrosis

A

precedes occipitomastoid suture

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19
Q

posterior intraoccipital synchondrosis

A

marks the site of fusion of the squamous and lateral portions of the occipital bone

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20
Q

anterior intraoccipital synchondrosis

A

marks the site of future fusion of the basilar and lateral portions of the occipital bone

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21
Q

sphenoethmoidal synchondrosis

A

precedes sphenoethmoidal suture

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22
Q

fontanelles

A

cartilaginous membranes that will eventually harden into bone

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23
Q

anterior fontanelle

A

single, along the midline at the anterior end of the sagittal suture

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24
Q

posterior fontanelle

A

single, along the midline at the posterior end of the sagittal suture

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25
Q

The ___ and ____ fontanelles are paired, with one of each on the right and left sides of the cranium

A

mastoid; sphenoidal

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26
Q

sinus

A

void chamber in cranial bone that enlarge with the growth of the face

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27
Q

There are __ basic sets of sinuses

A

4

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28
Q

Frankfurt/Frankfort Horizontal, or FH

A

the convention used in orienting the skull; a plane defined by 3 points, the right and left porion points and the left orbitale

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29
Q

porion points

A

located at the top of each external acoustic meatus

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30
Q

orbitale

A

located at the bottom of the orbit

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31
Q

norma verticalis

A

the skull viewed from above in Frankfurt Horizontal

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32
Q

norma lateralis

A

the skull viewed from either side in Frankfort Horizontal

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33
Q

norma occipitalis

A

posterior view of the skull in FH

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34
Q

norma frontalis

A

skull viewed from the front in FH

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35
Q

norma basilaris

A

skull viewed from the base in FH

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36
Q

cranial capacity

A

measurement describing volume of the neurocranium

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37
Q

chord

A

name for a linear measurement between two points

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38
Q

arc

A

curvilinear measurement

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39
Q

craniometric landmark: inc.

A

incision: the point at the occlusal surface where the upper central incisors meet

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40
Q

craniometric landmark: ids.

A

alveolare/infradentale superius: the midline point at the inferior tip of the bony septum between the upper central incisors

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41
Q

craniometric landmark: pr.

A

prosthion: midline point at the most anterior point on the alveoloar process of the maxillae

42
Q

craniometric landmark: ns.

A

nasospinale: the point where a line tangent to the inferiormost points of the two inferior curves of the anterior nasal aperture margin crosses the midline

43
Q

craniometric landmark: rhi

A

rhinion: the midline point at the inferior free end of the internasal suture

44
Q

craniometric landmark: n

A

midline point where two nasal bones and the frontal intersect

45
Q

craniometric landmark: g

A

glabella: most anterior midline point on the frontal bone, usually above the frontonasal suture

46
Q

craniometric landmark: b.

A

bregma: ectocranial point where the coronal and sagittal sutures intersect

47
Q

craniometric landmark: ob.

A

obelion: ectocranial midline point where a line connecting the parietal foramina (when present) intersects the midline

48
Q

craniometric landmark: l.

A

lambda: ectocranial midline point where the sagittal and lambdoid sutures intersect. note: when in doubt, choose the point where the lateral halves of the lambdoid suture and the lower end of the sagittal suture would be projected to meet.

49
Q

craniometric landmark: i.

A

inion: ectocranial midline point at the base of the external occipital protuberance; the point at which the superior nuchal lines merge in the external occipital protuberance.

50
Q

craniometric landmark: o.

A

opisthion: midline point at posterior margin of foramen magnum

51
Q

craniometric landmark: ba.

A

basion: midline point on anterior margin of foramen magnum.

52
Q

craniometric landmark: endobasion

A

for some measurements, the basion point is located on the most posterior point of the foramen’s anterior rim. this is distinguished as endobasion.

53
Q

craniometric landmark: sphba.

A

sphenobasion: point where the midsagittal plane intersects the basiliar suture

54
Q

craniometric landmark: ho.

A

hormion: most posterior midline point on the vomer

55
Q

craniometric landmark: alv

A

alveolon: point on the median palatine (intermaxillary) suture where a line drawn between the posterior ends of the alveolar ridges crosses the midline.

56
Q

craniometric landmark: sta.

A

staphylion: the point on the median palatine (intermaxillary) suture where a line drawn between the deepest parts of the notches (free edges) at the rear of the palate crosses the midline

57
Q

craniometric landmark: ol.

A

orale: midline point on the hard palate where a line drawn tangent to the posterior margins of the central incisor alveoli crosses the midline

58
Q

craniometric landmark: gn.

A

gnathion: most inferior midline point on the mandible.

59
Q

craniometric landmark: pg.

A

pogonion: most anterior midline point on chin of mandible

60
Q

craniometric landmark: id.

A

infradentale: midline point at superior tip of septum between mandibular central incisors

61
Q

paired craniometric landmark: zm.

A

zygomaxillare: most inferior point on the zygomaticomaxillary suture

62
Q

paired craniometric landmark: or.

A

orbitale: lowest point on orbital margin

63
Q

paired craniometric landmark: ju.

A

jugale: point in the depth of the notch between the temporal and frontal processes of the zygomatic

64
Q

paired craniometric landmark: mf.

A

maxillofrontale: point where the anterior lacrimal crest of the maxilla meets the frontomaxillary suture

65
Q

paired craniometric landmark: la.

A

lacrimale: the point where the posterior lacrimal crest meets the frontolacrimal suture

66
Q

paired craniometric landmark: d.

A

dacryon: the point where maxillolacrimal suture meets the frontal bone

67
Q

paired craniometric landmark: zyo.

A

zygoorbitale: the point where the orbital rim intersects the zygomaticomaxillary suture.

68
Q

paired craniometric landmark: fmo.

A

frontomalare orbitale: the point where the frontozygomatic suture crosses the inner orbital rim.

69
Q

paired craniometric landmark: fmt.

A

frontomalare temporale: the point where the frontozygomatic suture crosses the temporal line (or outer orbital rim).

70
Q

paired craniometric landmark: ft.

A

frontotemporale: the point where the temporal line reaches its most ateromedial position on the frontal.

71
Q

paired craniometric landmark: st.

A

stephanion: the point where the coronal suture crosses the temporal line.

72
Q

paired craniometric landmark: pt.

A

pterion: a region, rather than a point, where the frontal, temporal, parietal, and sphenoid meet on the other side of the vault; sutural contact pattern in this area is highly variable

73
Q

paired craniometric landmark: co.

A

coronale: the point on the coronal suture where the breadth of the frontal bone is greatest

74
Q

paired craniometric landmark: po.

A

porion: uppermost point on the margin of the external acoustic meatus

75
Q

paired craniometric landmark: au.

A

auriculare: point vertically above center of the external acoustic meatus of the zygomatic process

76
Q

paired craniometric landmark: ast.

A

the point where the lambdoid, parietomastoid, and occipitomastoid sutures meet

77
Q

paired craniometric landmark: ms.

A

mastoidale: most inferior point on the mastoid process

78
Q

paired craniometric landmark: ekm.

A

most lateral point on the outer surface of the alveolar margins of the maxilla, often at the second molar position

79
Q

paired craniometric landmark: enm.

A

endomolare: most medial point on inner surface of the alveolar margin opposite the center of the M^2 crown

80
Q

paired craniometric landmark: cdl.

A

condylion laterale: most lateral point on mandibular condyle.

81
Q

paired craniometric landmark: cs.

A

condylion superior: most superior point on mandibular condyle.

82
Q

paired craniometric landmark: cdm.

A

condylion mediale: most medial point on mandibular condyle.

83
Q

paired craniometric landmark: cr.

A

coronion: point at the tip of the coronoid process of the mandible

84
Q

paired craniometric landmark: go.

A

gonion: point along rounded posteroinferior corner of the mandible between the ramus and the body

85
Q

paired craniometric landmark: ml.

A

mentale: most inferior point on margin of mandibular mental foramen

86
Q

frontal squama

A

part of the frontal bone forming the forehead

87
Q

horizontal portion

A

part of the frontal bone that acts to roof the orbits and floor the frontal lobes of the brain

88
Q

frontal eminences/tubers/bosses

A

dominate the ectocranial surface; mark the location of the original centers of ossification in this bone

89
Q

temporal lines

A

on the lateral ectocranial surface, mark the attachment of the temporalis muscle, defines superior edge of temporal surface, often divides into superior and inferior lines as it sweeps posteriorly

90
Q

zygomatic processes

A

form most lateral and anterior corners of the frontal

91
Q

superciliary arches

A

upper orbital edges

92
Q

supraorbital notches/foramina (if notches are bridged)

A

set along medial half of superior orbital rim

93
Q

metopic/frontal suture

A

vertical suture between right and left frontal halves; sometimes lasts into adulthood

94
Q

meningeal grooves

A

present on both sides of the concave endocranial surface of the frontal squama for the middle meningeal arteries

95
Q

sagittal sulcus

A

vertical groove running down midline of endocranial surface

96
Q

frontal crest

A

midline crest confluent with anterior end of sagittal sulcus

97
Q

foramen cecum

A

foramen of varying size, found at base of the frontal crest

98
Q

arachnoid/granular foveae

A

especially apparent near coronal suture along endocranial midline

99
Q

pars orbitalis/orbital plate

A

horizontal portion of the frontal, bumpy endocranial surface, smooth and concave inferior surface

100
Q

lacrimal fossae

A

found at lateral, inferior parts of inferior surfaces of frontal

101
Q

ethmoidal notch

A

gap separating the two orbital plates of the frontal

102
Q

frontal sinuses

A

generally anterior to ethmoidal notch, extend for variable distance between outer and inner bone tables on frontal and sometimes benetrate orbital plates.

Osteology (4 decks)

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