Chapter 2 Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

How much blood does the human body contain?

Answer 1

8 to 10 pints

Question 2

What is a nutritive fluid flowing through the circulatory system?

Answer 2

Blood

Question 3

What are platelets?

Answer 3

Blood components that contribute to the blood clotting process.

Question 4

What is the study of tiny structures found in living tissues?

Answer 4

Histology

Question 5

What is one reason estheticians should study body systems, organs, and tissues?

Answer 5

To understand the effect that services have on the body

Question 6

What is protoplasm?

Answer 6

Substance of which the cells of all living things are composed.

Question 7

What is the process of cell reproduction called?

Answer 7

Mitosis

Question 8

What is the sternum?

Answer 8

Flat bone that forms the ventral support of the ribs

Question 9

What is the fluid part of the blood that carries food and secretions to the cells and carbon dioxide from the cells?

Answer 9

Plasma

Question 10

What is true of the origin part of a muscle?

Answer 10

It is attached to the skeleton

Question 11

What are the structures composed of specialized tissues and performing specific functions?

Answer 11

Organs

Question 12

Why does the parathyroid gland regulate blood calcium and phosphorous levels?

Answer 12

So the nervous and muscular system can function properly.

Question 13

What is true of the pituitary gland?

Answer 13

It is the most complex organ of the endocrine system

Question 14

What organ in the endocrine systems secrets enzyme-producing cells that are responsible for digesting carbohydrates, proteins, and fats?

Answer 14

Pancreas

Question 15

What are the secretions that the endocrine glands release directly into the bloodstream and that influence the welfare of the entire body?

Answer 15

Hormones

Question 16

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

Answer 16

Breathing

Question 17

What is the primary function of the lymphatic/immune system?

Answer 17

Protecting the body from disease

Question 18

What is the primary function of the skeletal system?

Answer 18

Providing the physical foundation of the body

Question 19

What is the primary function of the circulatory system?

Answer 19

Moving blood through the body

Question 20

What is covered, shaped, and supported by the muscular system?

Answer 20

Skeletal tissue

Question 21

What body system is responsible for changing food into nutrients and waste?

Answer 21

Digestive

Question 22

What is the primary function of the excretory system?

Answer 22

Purifying the blood by elimination of waste matter

Question 23

What is the primary function of the reproductive system?

Answer 23

Perpetuating the human race

Question 24

What is the body system that controls and coordinates all other body systems?

Answer 24

Nervous

Question 25

What is a connection between two or more bones of the skeleton?

Answer 25

Joint

Question 26

What body system serves as a protective covering for the body?

Answer 26

Integumentary

Question 27

Connective, epithelial, muscle, and nerve are types of what found in the body?

Answer 27

Tissue

Question 28

What bone forms the back of the skull above the nape?

Answer 28

Occipital

Question 29

What are valves?

Answer 29

Structures that close a passage or permit flow in one direction only

Question 30

How many identical daughter cells are formed when a cell divides during mitosis?

Answer 30

Two

Question 31

What body system affects growth, development, sexual activities, and health of the body?

Answer 31

Endocrine

Question 32

Where in the body does the spinal cord originate?

Answer 32

Brain

Question 33

What are glands?

Answer 33

Specialized organs that remove and convert elements from the blood

Question 34

What is the importance of lymph?

Answer 34

To disperse white blood cells and cell nutrients

Question 35

What binds the tissues of the body together?

Answer 35

Connective tissue

Question 36

What carries messages to and from the brain and controls and coordinates all body functions?

Answer 36

Nerve tissue

Question 37

What organ circulates the blood?

Answer 37

Heart

Question 38

What do the kidneys do?

Answer 38

Excrete water and waste products.

Question 39

As one of the major body organs the brain has the function of ______

Answer 39

Supplying oxygen to the blood.

Question 40

What is defecation?

Answer 40

Eliminating waste from the body

Question 41

Which body system controls and coordinates all bodily functions?

Answer 41

Nervous

Question 42

Which body system regulates temperature and produces vitamin D?

Answer 42

Integumentary

Question 43

Which body system protects the body from disease by developing resistances and destroying disease-causing toxins?

Answer 43

Immune/lymphatic

Question 44

Which body system eliminates carbon dioxide as a waste product?

Answer 44

Respiratory

Question 45

The kidneys and bladder are part of this system

Answer 45

Excretory

Question 46

Which type of muscle will estheticians work with?

Answer 46

Skeletal

Question 47

Which part of the muscle flexes but remains stationary?

Answer 47

Origin

Question 48

Which muscle draws the scalp backward?

Answer 48

Occipitalis

Question 49

Which muscle causes wrinkles in the forehead?

Answer 49

Frontalis

Question 50

This muscle closes the eyes

Answer 50

Orbicularis oculi

Question 51

Which thin, flat muscle between the upper and lower jaws compresses the cheeks and expels between the lips?

Answer 51

Buccinator

Question 52

This muscle pulls down the corners of the mouth.

Answer 52

Triangularis

Question 53

If you want to pucker up, you need to use the ______ muscle.

Answer 53

Orbicularis oris

Question 54

You use this muscle to smile, but not grin.

Answer 54

Levator anguli oris

Question 55

This muscle is used to grin.

Answer 55

Risorius

Question 56

Which of these muscles are used in chewing?

Answer 56

Masseter and temporalis

Question 57

What are the three muscles of the ear called?

Answer 57

Auricularis muscles

Question 58

When you turn your head, you are using the ______ muscle.

Answer 58

sternocleidomastoid

Question 59

Which large, flat, triangular muscle covers the lower back?

Answer 59

Latissimus dorsi

Question 60

When you show someone your muscles on your arm, you are most likely showing them your ______.

Answer 60

Biceps

Question 61

Which movement separates the fingers?

Answer 61

Adduction

Question 62

When you bend forward, which muscle movement are you using?

Answer 62

Flexion

Question 63

This movement is used to rotate the muscles.

Answer 63

Supination

Question 64

How does massage help the muscles of the hand?

Answer 64

Maintains pliability

Question 65

Why is it important as an esthetician to know about the muscles of the forearm?

Answer 65

To maintain good body mechanics