Chapter 2 - Atoms Flashcards
(11 cards)
Name the three subatomic particles of an atom, their position, their mass and their charge?
Proton, in nucleus, mass - 1, charge - positive
Neutron, in nucleus, mass - 1, charge - neutral
Electron, in shells around nucleus, mass - 0, charge - negative
What is the atomic number?
And what is the mass number of an atom?
Atomic Number - tells us the number of protons/electrons in the atom.
Mass number - tells us how many protons and neutrons are in the nucleus.
What is the structure of an atom?
Neutron and proton in the nucleus which is in the middle surrounded by shells of electrons.
How can electrons be written?
As an image or in written form.
Eg, Lithium would be written as - Li (2,1) because it has 2 electrons in its first shell and 1 electron in its outer shell.
What makes an element very reactive?
If it needs to gain or lose one electron in order to become stable.
What are isotope?
Isotopes are atoms of an element that have varying numbers of neutrons in the nucleus.
What are Ions?
Ions are charged atoms. They are atoms, or groups of atoms that have extra electrons or missing electrons.
How does an atom become a Ion?
The atom will not have a full outer shell of electrons so it will either gives an electron to another atom or it receives an electron from another atom to make this outer shell full. This also shows whether or not it is a positive or a negative ion.
What is a generalisation we can make about ions?
Metal atoms lose electrons when they become ions and non metals gain electrons to become ions.
How do you name ions.
When naming a metal ion you keep the atoms name bad add ion at the end. Eg, Sodium atom become sodium ion. However, when naming non-metals the you take in the name of the non-metal but end in -ide. Eg, chlorine atom becomes chloride ion.
What is bonding?
Binding is when you chemically join atoms, often forming compounds.
