Chapter 2 - Atoms, ions And Compounds Flashcards Preview

OCR A A-Level Chemistry > Chapter 2 - Atoms, ions And Compounds > Flashcards

Flashcards in Chapter 2 - Atoms, ions And Compounds Deck (20)
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1
Q

What is contained in an atom?

A
  • electrons
  • protons
  • neutrons
2
Q

What is a mass number (known as nucleon number) ?

A

The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

3
Q

What does a nucleus of an atom contain?

A
  • protons

* neutrons

4
Q

What are the charges and masses of the subatomic partials in an atom?

A
  • Proton charge: 1+ mass: 1
  • neutron charge: 0 mass: 1
  • electron charge: 1- mass: 1/1836
5
Q

What’s an isotope?

A

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and different masses.

6
Q

What is an ion?

A

Charges atom. The number of electrons is different from the number of protons

7
Q

What type of ions can you have?

A
  • positive ions - cations - with fewer electrons than protons - overall positive charge
  • negative ions - anions - with more electrons than protons - overall negative charge
8
Q

What’s the relative scale?

A

Carbon-12

9
Q

Define the relative isotopic mass

A

The mass of an atom of an isotope compared with 1/12 of the mass of carbon-12

10
Q

Define the relative atomic mass (Ar)

A

The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared to 1/12 of the mass of carbon-12

11
Q

How do you find the percentage abundances of the isotopes?

A

Using a mass spectrometer

12
Q

How to calculate the relative atomic mass of the element x?

A

You times the fraction/percentage of the isotope then times it by the isotope number then add to another fraction/percentage of the isotope then times it by the isotope number. This will find the relative atomic mass.

IMPORTANT - if a percentage you must times by 100. If a fraction you do not have to

13
Q

What types of atoms lose and what types of atoms gain electrons forming ions?

A
  • Atoms of metals lose electrons forming cations

* Atoms of non-metals gain electrons forming anions

14
Q

What’s a binary compound?

A

Contains two elements only. You keep the first element the same and change the ending of the second to -ide

Ionic compounds, the metal ion goes first

15
Q

What’s a polyatomic ion?

A

Ion containing atoms of more than one element bonded together

16
Q

What atoms are small molecules existing as diatomic molecules containing two atoms bonded together?

A
  • Hydrogen
  • Nitrogen
  • Oxygen
  • Fluorine
  • Chlorine
  • Bromine
  • Iodine
17
Q

What are the stat symbols in chemical equations?

A
  • gas - (g)
  • liquid - (l)
  • solid - (s)
  • dissolved in water (aqueous) - (aq)
18
Q

What order do you balance an equation?

A
  • balance metals
  • balance non-metals (except for O and H)
  • balance O and H
19
Q

Tips

A

•when you see relative think comparing to 1/12 of carbon-12
•you should swap how many electrons needed from electrons needed from what group they are in (e.g Ca = group 2 P = group 5 Ca^-2 P^+3 = Ca3P2


20
Q

Define molecular formula

A

(Actual) number of atoms of each element present in a molecule