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BRS Micro/Immuno > Chapter 2; Bacteria > Flashcards

Chapter 2; Bacteria Flashcards

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1
Q

What ribosomal subunits compose the 70s and 50s ribosomal subunits?

A

16s, 23s and 5s

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2
Q

What are penicillin binding proteins involved with?

A

cell membrane biosynthesis

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3
Q

What are mesosomes?

What are mesosomes involved with?

A

invaginations of the plasma membrane

DNA replication

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4
Q

Do transposons self-replicate?

What do transposons move between?

A

no

plasmids and chromosomal DNA

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5
Q

What genus of bacteria does not contain a cell wall?

A

mycoplasma

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6
Q

Are teichoic acids found in gram positive or gram negative bacteria?

A

gram positive

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7
Q

What species of bacteria is known for making M protein?

A

Strep. pyogenes

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8
Q

What two ions does teichoic acids bind?

A

sodium and magnesium

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9
Q

Is LPS contained by gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria? What is another name for LPS?

A

gram-negative

endotoxin

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10
Q

What component of the gram negative cell-wall triggers toxic shock? What larger molecule is this apart of?

A

Lipid A

LPS

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11
Q

What is the one genus of bacteria that does not contain peptidoglycan?

A

Mycoplasma

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12
Q

What type of chemical bond links teichoic acid?

A

phosphodiester

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13
Q

IN gram-negative bacteria, what is LPS linked to?

A

diaminopimelic acid

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14
Q

What is the main antigen of LPS?

A

O antigen

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15
Q

Are protein secretion systems more likely to be found in gram-positive or gram negative bacteria?

A

gram negative

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16
Q

What tissue protein can S. aureus bind?

A

fibronectin

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17
Q

What species of bacteria features poly-D-glutamic acid in its cell-wall?

A

Bacillus anthracis

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18
Q

What is the main protein of flagella?

A

flagellin

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19
Q

What is the main component of endospores?

A

calcium diplicolinate

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20
Q

What is the product of superoxide dismutase?

A

H2O2

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21
Q

What type of growth pattern do α-hemolytic bacteria create on blood agar?

A

green

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22
Q

What type of growth pattern do β-hemolytic bacteria create on blood agar?

A

clear zone

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23
Q

What are the two main bacteria that grow on Hektoen agar?

A

Salmonella and shigella

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24
Q

What type of bacteria grow on MacKonkey agar?

A

gram-negative rods

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25
What genus of bacteria grows on Lowenstein-Jensen media?
Mycobacteria
26
What genus of bacteria grows on Thayer-Martin and Martin-Lewis media?
Neisseria
27
In a gram-positive bacteria, teichoic acid is attached to what cell wall component?
N-AM
28
What is the MOA of cycloserine?
inhibits the synthesis of peptide precursor
29
During cell wall synthesis, what is NAM-P5 transferred to? The attachment of what other constituent completes this reaction?
BPP NAG
30
What is the MOA of bacitracin?
recycling of bactoprenol phosphate (BPP)
31
What is the MOA of vancomycin?
blocks the transfer of BPP-complex to existing peptidoglycan
32
What drug prevents the cross-linking of P5 side chains? What amino acid would be released during this process?
β-lactam alanine
33
Are bacteria haploid or diploid?
diploid
34
What is bacterial conjugation?
transfer of genetic material between bacteria by physical contact
35
Are sex pili used by gram-positive bacteria or gram negative bacteria?
gram-negative
36
What is transduction?
PHAGE mediated transfer of genetic material into host chromosome
37
What is transformation?
uptake of naked DNA material
38
What gene is carried on F plasmids?
sex pili
39
What is Hfr?
F-plasmid that has integrated into the bacterial chromosome
40
What types of genes are carried by generalized transduction?
random genes
41
What types of genes are carried by specialized transduction?
genes near prophage integration site
42
What factor of bacterial RNA polymerase begins the process?
Sigma factor
43
What is the main endotoxin of gram-negative bacteria?
Lipid A
44
What two bacteria clasically releases α-toxin? What is the MOA of α-toxin?
S. aureus and C. perfringens pore forming
45
What bacteria releases streptolysin O? What is the MOA of Streptolysin O?
S. pyogenes pore forming
46
What two bacterial genus release Type III Cytotoxin?
P. aerugiinosa and Salmonella
47
What bacterial species releases Erythrogenic toxins A and C?
S. pyogenes
48
What bacteria releases exotoxin A? What is the MOA of Exotoxin A?
P. aeruginosa ADP-ribosylation of EF2
49
What is the MOA of shiga toxin?
inactivates 60S ribosome
50
What is the MOA of cholera toxin?
activates Gs
51
What is the MOA of pertussis toxin?
inactivates Gi
52
What is the MOA of Diphtheria?
ADP ribosylation of E2F
53
What antimetabolites are bacteriostatic?
trimethoprim sulfonamide
54
What antimetabolites are bacteriocidal?
isoniazid
55
What is the MOA of β-lactams?
inhibit transpeptidation
56
What product does isoniazid inhibit the production of?
mycolic acid
57
What product does ethambutol inhibit the synthesis of?
arabinogalactan
58
What four drugs bind to the 30s ribosomal subunit? Another name for these drugs? Bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic?
streptomycin, kanamycin, neomycin, gentamicin aminoglycoside Cidal
59
What two organ systems do aminoglycosides damage?
kidney and ear
60
What are the three main tetracyclins? What is the MOA of tetracyclins?
doxycycline, minocycline, tetracycline bind 30S
61
What is the MOA of chloramphenicol? Static or cidal?
binds 50S ribosomal subunit static
62
Griseofulvin is active against fungi that have what component in their cell walls?
chitin
63
What ribosomal subunit do macrolides bind?
23S or 50S
64
Sugar transport into a bacteria often is carried out by what enzyme?
kinase
65
What is the pasteur effect?
oxygen inhibiting fermentation
66
What bacteria effects synaptosomes?
C. tetani
67
Where in a bacteria are the enzymes necessary for oxidative phosphorylation located?
cell membrane

BRS Micro/Immuno (4 decks)

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